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Pagan Christs, by John M. Robertson, [1911], at sacred-texts.com


p. 438 p. 439

INDEX

Aaron, 175

Abammon, 16

Abipones, the, 49 n.

Abraham, 48, 51 n., 175, and Isaac, 64, 65, 124, 153, 162, 302 n.

Abraxas, 334

Abtinas, 159

Achan, 149 n.

Achilles, 106 n., 107 n.

Acolhuan civilisation, 348 n., 366

Acts of Pilate, 202

Addison, L., quoted, 169

Admetus, 324

Adonai, 49

Adonis, Vegetation-God, 307; cult of, 99, 181, 195, 319, 433; resurrection of, 145, 190, 206, 307

Adulterers, eaten, 136 n.

Adversary, doctrine of, 86

Æschylus, 172

Æsculapius, 206

African religion, 41; sacrifices, 106, 117 n., 122; absence of interest in heavenly bodies, 171

Agapæ, Christian, 314, 326, 412

Agdestis, 316, 321

Agesilaus, 127 n.

Agni, gives Gods immortality, 51; origin of, 53, 100, 318; as messenger of the Gods, 216, 221; as Logos, 221, 290; in Vedas, 284; as dove, 290; as bull, 299

Agnostics and atheists, religious by definition, 19 n.; the term "agnostic," 233

Ahriman, 16, 86, 166, 290

Ahura Mazda, origin of, 284-5; relation of to Mithra, 288 ff., 294, 296, 311, 315, 410; a husband and father, 294 n.; in Avesta, 288 ff., 308 n., 311; in trinity, 315; and Ameshaspentas, 317

Ai, 150

Ainu, the, 30

Ajâtasatru, 252, 254

Akatuira, 43

Akhunaton, 60, 75, 82, 84 n.

Akkadian civilisation, 78-9, 128, 343

Albanians, human sacrifices by, 125

Alexander Severus, 278

Alexandria, human sacrifice at, 126

Algonkins, human sacrifice by, 156

Allegory in religion, 328-9

Allen, Grant, on Christian origins, xxiii-v; on human sacrifices, 210 n., 317 n.

Alpha and Omega, 142, 164, 294

Altars, 317 n.

Ambassador, sacrificial, 159, 190

Amenthes, Egyptian, 309 n.

America, religions of ancient, 339 ff.; races of, 339 ff.; civilisations of, 345 ff., 347, 380

Ameshaspentas, 296, 311, 317, 320

Amhaaretz, sacrifice of, 160

Amosis, 61

Amun, 92, 95, 205 n.; sacrifice of ram to, 131, 301, 303, 320 n.

Anahid, 293

Anahuac, 342

Anaitis, 217 n., 293, 296, 322, 326

Anathema, 138

Ancestor-worship, 31-2, 40 ff., 47 ff., 103

Andhras, the, 247 n.

Androphagoi, 128

Angels, belief in, 86, 105; the angel in the Pentateuch, 163, 218, 220, 315, 428

Animals, sacred, 184

Animism, 9, 24, 33, 220, 226

Anna, 97

Anointing, in sacrifice, 112, 125; of priests, 158; of Jesus, 201

Anquetil, 294 n.

Anthropology, 98

Anthropophagy. See Cannibalism

Antigonus, 181, 193

Antiochus Epiphanes, 88, 173

Anu, 221

Aphroditê, 295; as masculine, 297 n.

Apocalypse, Jesus in, 142, 164; Lamb in, 142, 164, 208, 330; Judaic character of, 164; elders in, 179; Mithraic details in, 205, 208; tau in, 310; Mazdean elements in, 142, 164, 330

Apollo, evolution of, 95, 96, 176 n., 322; cult of, 320 n.; descent to Hades of, 307; human sacrifice to, 124; and Thargelia, 148; titles of, 332; as Teaching-God, 214, 217, 222; Destroyer and helper, 293; as

p. 440

feminine, 297 n.; Cave-God, 304 n.; God of Rocks, 305 n.

Apollonius of Tyana, 57, 274-80; and Jesus, 277; birth-story of, 277

Aquarius, 337

Arabs, life of, 53 n.; use of cross by, 157; treatment of camels by, 184 n.; human sacrifices by, 126, 131-2, 134 n., 137 n.

Arahatship, in Buddhism, 248

Arbitrary, meaning of word, 5

Archelaus, 264-5

Ardivisura, 293

Arianism, 96

Aries, 207, 301, 319

Arishtanemi, 252

Aristobula, 188

Aristodemus, 64, 123, 127

Aristophanes, cited, 127

Aristotle, 198

Armenia, Mazdeism in, 291

Arminius, 57

Arnold, 77 n.

Art, Greek, 329; Assyrian and Persian, 300; Mexican, 344

Artaxerxes Mnemon, 290-1

Artemis, human sacrifices to, 60, 188; a saviour, 206

Arthur's Oon, 282

Aruntas, the, 19, 99 n., 407

Aryans, religion of early, 53, 71 n.

Ascension, the, 401

Asia, and Oceanic peoples, 153; and America, xxiii, 156, 340 ff.

Asoka, 247, 253 ff.

Asses, the two, 185, 323

Assur, 71 n., 75, 285

Assyrian religion, 68, 75, 285; empire, 79; temples, 182 n.

Asuras, 51

Asvamedha sacrifice, 183

Athamas, 123, 302

Atheism in Brahmanism and Buddhism, 250

Athenæus, cited, 293 n.

Athênê, evolution of, 95; and Parthenos, 135; epithets of, 167 n.; as teacher, 215, 217; origin of, 217 n.; a virgin mother, 322

Athenians, human sacrifices by, 127

Atman, doctrine of the, 251

Atonement, Jewish Day of, 158, 160, 165, 168

Attis, evolution of, 95; cult of, 99, 181, 195, 196; resurrection of, 206, 307; Vegetation-God, 307: tree of, 318 n.; in Orphicism, 322; epithets of, 332 n.

Augustine, as cult founder, 57; cited, 268 n., 272

Augustus, sacrifices to, 129

Aurelian, 325 n.

Australians, aboriginal, 41 n., 44 n., 71, 104, 209 n., 410-1; Frazer and Lang on, 12; ancestor-worship among, 41, 43, 48; ethics of, 71, 72; names of, 100 n., 103; food supply of, 104 and note

Avebury, Lord, 102 n.

Azazel, 106, 160 n.

Aziluth, 315

Aztecs, religion of, 346 ff.; human sacrifices of, 137, 360 ff., 369 ff., 373; civilisation of, 342, 369, 380 ff.

 

Bâbism, xvi-xviii

Babylonian creation myth, 130; taboo of God-names, 49; deluge epic, 51; civilisation, 78-9; religion, 51, 303 n., 364; higher aspects, 97; influence on Judaism, 74 ff., 80 ff., 86, 167; on Mithraism, 291-2, 300, 315; human sacrifices, 128; Logos, 218 ff.; hymns and priestly schools, 222 n.; Messianism, 166

Bachichi, the, 134 n.

Baentsch, 84 n.

Bah, the God, 142

Bahram, 266

Bancroft, H. H., cited, 350, 371

Bandelier, 391 ff.

Baptism, Mithraic, 380; Mexican, 356, 379

Barabbas, meaning of name, 146; annual sacrifice of, 162, 182, 185, 186, 198, 400

Barbary, Jewish sacrifices in, 169

Barth, 261

Bataks, religion of, 2 n., 31-2, 42-3; taboo of names among, 49; human sacrifices by, 116, 126; animal sacrifices by, 126, 184; symbolic sacrifices by, 139; ritual cannibalism of, 135, 389

Batchelor, 30

Baur, cited, 244, 259, 326 n.; on Manichæus, 267; on Apollonius of Tyana, 276 ff.

Beatitudes, the, 219 n.

Beausobre, 264 n., 265, 267 n.

Bechuanaland, magic in, 18; names in, 103

Behnya, 117 n.

Bel, 179 n., 292, 297

Belief, nature of, 25

Belisama, 215

Belloguet, cited, 137

Bellona, 129

Beloved Gods, origin of, 3, 263; as Christs, 4; sacramentally eaten, 144;

p. 441

in Judaism, 163, 166-7, 268; in Greece, 167; in Manichæism, 268; their relation to history, 279; in Mazdeism, 294; survival values of, 328-9; in America, 370 ff.; attributes of, 375 n.

Belti, 297

Bema, the, 268, 272

Bentley, 143 n.

Bernard, St., 426

Berosus, 145, 146

Bhagavâ, 244

Bibliolatry, 66

Bimbisâra, 252

Birds, sacred, 92 n., 357 ff.

Bishops, Christian, their rites and robes, 331

Black in sacrifice, 171

Blavatsky, Mme., as cult-founder, 58

Bleek, discussed, 159 n.

Blood, religious use of, 111, 115, 128, 129, 130, 141, 189, 213 n., 320 and note, 362, 373

Bodhisatvas, 257

Boeckh and Burckhardt, cited, 94

Bonny, sacrifices at, 133, 183

Book of the Great Decease, 245

Boora Pennu, 64 n., 109 ff., 215

Boughs, symbolic meanings of, 191 n.

Bouphonia, 130-1

Bousset, xiv

Brahma, 218, 219

Brahmanas, the, 219, 221

Brahmanism and magic, 13, 21; and pantheism, 76; Logos in, 218-9; creation doctrine of, 221; and Babylonia, 221; and Buddhism, 250, 254 ff., 260, 263

Brahmans deified, 138 n.

Brazil, civilisation of, 348

Bread, sacramental, medicinal virtue of, 144; evolution of, 207 n.

"Brethren of the Lord," xix, 399 ff.

Brinton, cited and discussed, 345 n., 368 n., 375 n., 382

Brown, Dr. G., 351 n.

Brugsch, cited, 77 n.

Bryant, 223

Buckland, A. H., cited, 342 n.

Buckle, 348

Buddas, 264, 267

Buddha, 4, 57, 238; legend of, 239 ff.; sayings attributed to, 240 ff.; alleged essential teachings of, 241; alleged founding of society by, 242 ff.; meaning of name, 243; multiplicity of, 243 ff., 262; cruces of record of, 246 ff.; details concerning, 250-2; and Asoka, 253 ff.; unhistorical, 256 ff.; Senart on, 258 ff.; alleged tomb remains of, 260-1; inscriptions relating to, 429

Buddhaghosa, 243

Buddhavansa, the, 243

Buddhism, 56; history of, 239 ff.; derivative character of, 247 ff., 256, 260; failure of, 263; in Thibet and Japan, 344

Buddhist Councils, 245, 246

Budini, the, 267

Buffalo, sacred, sacrifice of, 110, 114, 116, 126, 183 n.

Bull, sacred, 184; sacrament of, 140; symbolical meaning of, 298 ff., 320

Burckhardt, cited, 94

Burning and burying of bodies, 312

Burton, cited, 61, 62, 155

Burying alive, 379 n.

Byron, Constant on, 58 n.

 

Caiaphas, 122

Calendar, the Jewish, 145-6; the Mexican and Mongolian, 342

Calf, sacrifice of, as God, 130

Callatians, 128

Calvin, as cult-founder, 57

Camel, white, sacrifice of, 131

Campbell, cited, 113, 116 n.

Cancer and Capricorn, 323, 337

Cannibalism, 47 n., 65, 104 n., 106; ritual, 106, 132-3, 134, 140 ff., 173, 351, 354, 364 ff., 389; and civilisation, 385

Canning, Major, cited, 389

Capacocha, 378

Carabbas, 146, 172

Carpenter, J. E., 194 n., 305 n., 396; criticised, 427-35; on Prof. Drews, 432 ff.

Carthage, human sacrifices in, 61, 124, 126, 189, 356 n.

Caste in India, 249, 254, 255

Catacombs, religion in, 208, 326, 411

Catholicism and the backward races, 381 ff.

Catiline, 65, 125

Cave, myths of, 266, 272, 304 ff., 321 ff.; temples, 107 n., 303 ff.

Cecrops, 60

Centeotl, 364, 368

Chair of Peter, 334 ff., 423

Chaldean religion. See Babylonia

Chambers, E. K., 196 n., 198 n.

Chance in nature, 14 n.

Chandragupta, 253 ff.

Chastity, in pagan cults, 326, 350, 366

Cheetham, 143 n.

Cherubim, the, 309 n.

Cheyne, 177 n., 434

Child-God, 322

p. 442

Child-sacrifice, Hebrew, 64, 152, 158; Carthaginian, 65, 124, 126; American, 124, 351, 353; Semitic, 124, 161, 344; Zulu, 124; Arab, 124; Mexican, 124, 344, 356, 373; Polynesian, 154 n.; symbolic, among Christians, 207, 368; Peruvian, 378

Chinese religion, 51 n., 53 n.; human sacrifices, 61 and note; civilisation, 345; Spring Festival, 139-40

Chosroes, fire-temple of, 282

Chrestus, xiv, 406

Christ, the Jewish, 2, 89, 91, 95, 175, 179

Christianity, and magic, 31; and monotheism, 93; anthropophagy in, 141; foundation of, 190; causes of success of, 328-9, 330

Christmas, 293 n., 305, 332, 373

Christs, pagan, 4, 206, 212, 263, 328-9, 370 ff.

Chrysostom, 278

Chuenaten = Akhunaton, 60, 75, 84 n.

Cilician pirates, the, 316 n., 325

Cimbri, human sacrifice among, 123 n., 191 n.

Cioacoatl, 322 n., 356

Circumcision, 153, 163

Civilisation, development of, 37 ff.

Claudius, 129

Clavigero, cited, 348 n., 355 n.

Clemen, Prof., criticised, xv, 435-7

Clemens Alexandrinus, cited, 174n., 272

Coatlicue, 359

Cock, sacrifice of, 118 n.; Jewish sacrifice of, 168 ff.; African sacrifice of, 170-1; Greek sacrifice of, 171; Ghasiya sacrifice of, 172; Chinese sacrifice of, 171 n.; in legend of Peter, 333

Codooloos, the, 114

Colenso, xv

Commodus, 313, 326 n.

Communion, Christian, 212; theories of, 143. See Eucharist and Sacrament

Comte, cited, 15; on law of three stages, 384; as cult-founder, 58

Confucius, 239

Congo, sacrifices in, 170

Conquest and civilisation, 36, 79

Consciousness, religious, 24, 25, 27, 34, 60, 62

Constant, B., cited and discussed, 58 n., 384

Constantine, 325

Convents, pagan, 353

Cortès, 371

Cosmic emotion, 58

Couperie, 61 n.

Cow, the sacred, 130

Crawley, Rev. E., criticised, xiv, 402 ff.

Creuzer, cited, 310, 313 n.

Criminals, sacrificed, 125, 127, 134 ff., 182

Criobolium, the, 208, 303, 335

Crocodile, sacrifices to, 155

Cross, the, in human sacrifice, 112-13, 118, 151, 154, 157; Judaic symbol, 157, 158; meanings of, 190; in Osirian cult, 190 n., 196; in other cults, 319, 368; Arab symbol, 157; Hindu symbol, 157 n.; Mithraic symbol, 309

Crowns, in sacrifice, 112, 114 n., 178, 191; in Mithraism, 314, 319 n. Crucifixion, the Christian, 118 ff., 144 ff.; Roman resort to, 120 n., 126; mode of, 152; of Prometheus, 167; of Cyrus, 167; of Manichæus, 266; mystical, 196; in pagan cults, 319, 389, 433

Crux Ansata, the, 189

Cubricus. See Manichæus

Cudworth, cited, 419

Culin, S., cited, 341 n.

Culture-history, difficulties of, 349; value of American civilisations for, 349

Cumont, services of to hierology, xxii; on distribution of Mithraic monuments, 282 n.; on Gods as fathers, 294 n.; on Chaldean elements in Mithraism, 300 n.; on cave-worship, 304 n.; on Apuleius, 321 n.; on Roman Mithræums, 324 n.; on women in Mithraism, 326 n.; and Fr. Martindale, 426

Cunningham, J. F., 107

Cup, the mystic, 318

Custom, dissolution of, 37

Cybelê, 206, 302, 326, 335

Cyprus, human sacrifices in, 61

Cyrus, debt of Judaism to, 67, 83; and Sacæa, 148 n.; crucifixion of, 167; and history, 232; tomb of, 273; birth of, 321

 

Dabaiba, 350

Dagon, 208

Dahomey, human sacrifices in, 61, 136; cannibalism in, 141

Dall, cited, 346 n.

Damascius, 220

Damis, 276

Daniel, 316

Dapper, 109 n.

Darius, 290

Darmesteter, on age of Avesta, 285; on Ormazd and Mithra, 288-9; on Mazdean literature, 290; on Logos in Mazdeism, 296 n.; on Mithraic bull, 298 n.; on Mithraic trials, 308 n.; on

p. 443

[paragraph continues] Judaism and Persia, 315 n.; on stable-birth, 322-3 n.

Daumer, xxv

David, 85, 167

Davids, Prof. Rhys, services of to hierology, xxvi; on Buddhism, 240 ff.

Davies, Prof. T. W., on magic and religion, 12-13

Death, savage views of, 1, 48; in ritual, 308

Decle, cited, 2 n., 36 n.

Deformed persons sacrificed, 139

Deissmann, 429-30

De la Roche, cited, 278

Delitzsch, 75 n.

Dêmêtêr, epithets of, 167 n.; cult of, 142, 176 n., 191, 195; as teacher, 215

Demiourgos, 223, 299 n., 319

Descent to Hades, of Apollonius of Tyana, 277; an astronomic myth, 303; of Herakles, 307; of Mithra, 307, 323, 421; of Apollo, 307

De Soyres, 274 n.

Despotism and civilisation, 36, 38

Deutsch, cited, 314

Devil, notion of, 86

Dewadatta, 252

Dhammapada, the, 241, 244, 257

Dinga, 109

Dio Cassius, cited, 125 n.

Dionysius the pseudo-Areopagite, 418

Dionysos, origin of, 53 and note, 100; evolution of, 96, 97, 321; Omêstês, 123; cult of, 97, 99, 130, 132, 144, 167, 176 n., 181, 195, 330; sacrifices to, 123, 130, 140, 301; the Liberator, 167; two-formed, 180; myths of, 64 n., 185, 206, 321 and note, 323; Eucharist of, 142, 195, 207, 318; as teacher, 214-15; as feminine, 297 n.; epithets of, 167, 206; vegetation-God, 307

Dioscuri, the, 206

Diphilus, 61

Disease, savage views of, 1

Dissent, scientific aspect of, 96

Dobrizhoffer, 49 n., 213

Dods, Dr. M., cited, 265

Dog, sacramentally sacrificed, 140, 352; sanctity of, 312; the symbolic, 299

Dove, sacred symbol, 92 n., 223, 290

Drama, conditions of, 197, 198; Peruvian, 377-8. See Mystery-Drama

Draper, cited, 380 n.

Dreams, belief in, 44

Drews, Prof. A., xi, xii, 398, 432

Drugging in sacrifice, 113, 114, 116, 119, 140 n., 155

Druids, human sacrifices of, 128, 129

Drummond, 226

Drunkenness, religious, 293 n.

Dualism, 86, 293

Durkheim, cited, 19

 

Ea, 214, 216, 221

Easter, lamb sacrificed at, 143, 318, 320; image of child eaten at, 207; a solar festival, 306

"Eating the God," 136, 141, 368. See Eucharist and Sacraments

Ebionites, 178, 307 n.

Ebritum, sacrifices at, 132

Economics of religion, 79, 88, 92, 280, 324, 327, 369, 372

Eddy, Mrs., as cult-founder, 58

Efatese, the, 102, 344

Egeria, 217

Egg, the Easter—a cosmic symbol, 208, 221; blessing of, 143

Egyptian religion, 15, 21 n., 23, 44, 60, 67, 68, 75, 76, 77, 87 n., 92 n., 105; human sacrifices, 61; sacraments, 142; hieroglyphics, 190 n., 345; deification of kings, 47; taboo of God names, 49; influence on Hebrews, 67; monotheism, 77; ethics, 77; cross, 189; Teaching-Gods, 214; symbols, 309 n.

Elagabalus, 125, 129 n., 326 n.

Eleezer, Rabbi, 178 n.

El Elyon, 175

Eleusinia, the, 28, 144, 195

Elias of Crete, 308 n.

Elijah, as magician, 16, 30

Ellis, A. B., cited, on Gods of fear, 2; on thank offerings, 105 n.; on slain messengers, 108 n.; on African sacrifices, 117 n.; on white in sacrifice, 151 n.

Ellis, W., cited, 17 n., 215

El Shaddai, 67 n.

Enemies, sacrificed, 135 n., 351, 364

Enlil, 292, 297

Enoch, book of, 89, 164, 226

Epimenides, 149

Epiphanius, 204 n.

Er, 272

Erua, 221

Eskimo religion, 14 n.

Esoteric religion, 330

Esther, 145

Ethical Societies, Crawley on, 404

Ethics, Christian and pagan, 32, 426; and early law, 54-5; and religion, 40, 55, 56, 58, 72, 76 ff.; Hebrew, 68 ff.; sacrificial, 32, 72; Mithraic, 288-9, 311, 326; Mazdean, 288-9, 312; Ancient American, 366 ff.; Brahmanic, 290 n.; of Apollonius of Tyana, 279; and supernaturalism, 383 ff.

p. 444

Euboulos, 304

Eucharists, Egyptian, 142; heredity of, 31, 90; Jewish, 164, 168 ff.; Dionysiak, 142, 195, 207, 318; Mithraic, 142-3, 174, 207, 307 ff., 318, 332 n.; other pagan, 207 n.; Christian, 141, 206-7; total evolution of, 209-13; ancient American, 144, 351, 352, 364 ff., 368, 373

Euripides, 97

Eurynomos, 94 n.

Eurypilus, 60, 306

Eusebius, 129, 264, 278

Evangelists, emblems of, 309 n.

Evans, A. J., cited, 304 n., 345

Evemerism, 81, 163, 217

Ewald, 67

Executions, sacrificial, 135 ff.

Exorcism, 31

Ezekiel, 157

Ezra, book of, 83

 

Fabricius, V., cited, 15 n.

Family and religion, 45, 52, 54

Farrar, A. S., cited, 75

Fasts, pagan, 350

Fate as ruling the Gods, 15

Fawckner, 138 n.

Fear, Gods of, 1-3; religion of, 11, 27, 40, 41

Feathers as sacred symbols, 359, 360

Feeling and religion, xv, 29, 33

Feridun, 232

Festivals, dates of, 324

Fichte, 56

Fiji, priest-kings in, 36; religion in, 343 n., 386; cannibalism in, 133, 134 n., 365

Finow, King, 61, 365 n.

Fire, symbolic, 206; cult of, 373, 377

Fire-God, sacrifices to, 119, 271, 344, 373; as Logos, 221; Babylonian, 269; American, 119, 271, 368, 373; origin of, 285, 318; festival of, 368; sacrament of, 368, 373

Firmicus, 296, 306, 310 n., 318

First-born, 296; sacrifices of, 123, 128, 152; name of Logos, 218, 222, 224, 296

First fruits, 148, 178

Fish, the divine, 207, 301-2, 364

Fison, Mr., cited, 41

Five, sacred number, 181, 343

Flaubert, 82

Flaying, in human sacrifice, 137, 190, 266, 270, 344, 364, 373

Fleet, Dr., 261

Florus, cited, 125 n.

Fohsu, 117 n.

Folklore, xxii

Fomagata, 360

Founder, place of in religion, 57-8

Four, sacred number and symbols, 309 n.

Francis Island, cannibalism in, 135

Francis, Saint, 57

Fraud, religious, 63

Frazer, J. G., services of, to hierology, xxiii; theory of, as to Christian sacra, 118, 144 ff.; on magic and religion, 11 ff., 20, 24, 36; on the Christian crucifixion, 118; on Athenian human sacrifices, 127; on Barabbas, 162; on Purim, 143, 145, 168; on Firmicus, 306 n., 319 n.; on Vegetation-Gods, 307; on magic and progress, 35 ff.; on magic and art, 35 n.; on Adonis, 433; on Godhood of kings, 47 n.; on primitive idea of duration, 47; on totemism, 99 n., 102 n.; on Porphyry, 137 n.; on Gods and animals, 320 n.; on entry into Jerusalem, 185; on sacrificial scourging, 189 n.

Freethinkers, duty of, 383

Funeral sacrifices, 107, 136

Furuhers, 294 n.

Fustel de Coulanges, discussed, 54

 

Gad, 176, 177 n.

Gall in the mysteries, 191

Gallwey, quoted, 154

Gammadion, the, 309

Ganesa, 157 n.

Garcilasso, 378

Gâthas, the, 285, 286 ff.

Gauls, human sacrifices by, 137

Gebelezeis, 269

Gelele, King, 61

Gelon, 61

Genius, moral, and religious reform, 60, 72, 78

George, St., 333

Gezo, King, 61

Ghasiyas, sacrifice by, 172

Ghillany, xxiv, xxv, 150 n., 173

Ghosts, savage ideas of, 41 ff., 54

Gibbon, 294 n., 402

Gibil-Nusku, 221, 269

Gill, cited, 43

Girard, discussed and cited, 50 n., 94

Gladstone, cited, 68 n.

Glass, as cult-founder, 57

Gnosticism, and ancestor Gods, 47; and Judaism, 95; and the early Church, 96; and mystery dramas, 204 n.; and fish symbol, 208; and Babylonian theosophy, 222, 267; and Mithra, 334

Goat-God, the, 85, 106, 302, 323; sacrifice of, 106, 151

p. 445

Goddesses evemerised, 166 n.

Gods, origins of, 1-2, 3, 41 ff., 47 ff., 53; names tabooed, 49; as eaters of human flesh, 47 n.; evolution of, 50 ff.; relation of, to men, 1, 8, 12, 13, 15, 20, 22, 28, 40, 42 ff., 52, 71, 79; supreme, 24, 71, 86, 87, 96, 358; secondary, 89, 95 ff., 99 ff.; creative, 43, 87, 96, 350, 358, 363, 376; Saviour, 99, 294; sacrificed, 99 ff., 130 ff., 362, 363; teaching, 214 ff.; as children, 322

Gold Coast, sacrifices on, 117 n.

Golden Rule, in Lao Tsze, 219 n.

Goldziher, discussed, 70 n.

Gonds, cannibal sacrament of, 132; symbolism of, 139

Gore, Bishop, 404

Gospels, the, crucifixion details in, 119 ff., 192, 193; theophagy in, 141; text of mystery drama in, 197 ff.; their value as history, 228 ff., 234-6; brethren of the Lord in, 399-400; the Primitive, 201

Gotama, 240, 244. See Buddha

Gracchus, 331

Granger, cited, 2 n.

Grannos, 215

Gratian, 331

Gratitude in religion, 3, 8, 29, 40

Graves, evolution of, 317 n.

Greek religious thought, 15, 52, 94; influence on Judaism, 88, 90; influence on Semitic culture, 218 n.; influence on Islam, 93; influence on Rome, 45-6; science, 38; human sacrifices, 60, 64, 135; animal sacrifices, 171; ethics and Jewish, 68 n.; culture, value of, 76

Gregorie, 176 n.

Gregory, St., 331

Grey, Sir G., 209 n., 212

Griffin, 300 n.

Grote, on human sacrifice, 127; on historical evidence, 231 ff.

Guatemala, human sacrifice in, 354, 362-3

Gubernatis, xxvi

Guerinot, 252 n.

Guiana, sorcery in, 23 n.

Guizot, 294 n.

Gunkel, 437

 

Hades, 53

Hadrian, 125

Haeckel, cited, 341

Haidas, sacrifices of, 171 n.

Haigh, on Dionysus, 97 n.

Hair, cutting of, for sacrifice, 111, 307

Haman, 145, 296 n.

Hamilcar, 126, 161 n.

Hammurabi, 78-9, 166, 214

Hanging as mode of sacrifice, 149-50, 151

Haoma, the, 100, 285, 318

Harnack, xii

Harrison, Miss, on the religion of fear, 3 n.; on origin of Dionysus, 53 n.; on sacrifice, 106 n., 171

Harvest, sacrifices at, 149

Hathor, 53

Haug, cited and discussed, 286 n., 288

Hausrath, cited, 326, 412

Havet, cited, 315

Hawaii, Teaching-Gods of, 215

Haynes, cited, 340 n.

Hebrew religion, 16, 42, 47 n., 48, 49, 51, 64, 80 ff., 180; monotheism, 66 ff., 74, 76 ff., 80 ff., 87; ethics, 68 ff., 75 ff., 81, 93; polytheism, 67 ff., 86, 91; effects on, of Exile, 65; aspects of, at Return, 72-3, 82, 83, 85 ff.; overvaluation of, 74 ff., 76 ff., 84; literature, 72, 74 ff., 84, 85; culture and commerce, 88; temple finance, 88; expansion, 89; fraudulent history, 80 ff.; festivals, 145 ff.; human sacrifices, 64, 135 n., 149-50, 158 ff., 189; taboo of names, 49; dualism, 86; prophets as cult-founders, 57; high-priests, 88; cosmology, 75; superstition, 86-7, 93; eucharists, 168 ff.; obsession of blood, 189

Heifer, sacrifice of, 158

Heinrici, xiii

Hell, the Christian, 205

Herakleitos, Logos of, 218 n., 222

Herakles, in Homer, 81 n.; labours of, 308, 336; cult of, 99, 131, 167, 195, 337; sacrifices to, 130, 195, 337; crown of, 191; cave God, 304 n.; resurrection of, 195 n., 307; a Saviour, 206; and history, 234

Hercules, 337

Heresy, 96

Hermes, as teacher of Apollo, 214; rival and son of Apollo, 292; Logos, 217, 222; epithets of, 299; birth of, 304 n., 321 n.; as lamb bearer, 332

Herod the Great, character of, 90; and Antigonus, 181; theatres built by, 204

—— Antipas, in Gospels, 193, 199

Herodotus, cited, on Egyptian sacrifices, 123, 131; on Scythians, 127-8; on Herakles in Egypt, 191; on Osirian mysteries, 194; on the Budini, 267; on Zalmoxis, 269; on Persian religion, 295

Hershon, 168

p. 446

Hervey Islands, religion in 43, 181

Hesiod, 47, 50 n., 51

Hexateuch, 84, 159 n.

Hiawatha, 352

Hibbert Journal, review in criticised, xii, 396 ff.

Hiel, 64 n., 161 n.

Hierocles, 278

Hieroglyphics, 345, 354

Hierology, purpose and principles of, xxii, 98, 387

High-places, Assyrian, 182 n.; vogue of sacrifices on, 292-3; Asiatic and American compared, 343, 354; Polynesian, 343; Mexican sacrifices on, 362; in legend of Quetzalcoatl, 366

Hillebrandt, 290 n.

Hillel, 179

Hindus, religion of early, 41, 47 n.

History, critical method in, 231 ff.

Hobbes, 29

Holden, 124 n.

Holy Spirit, sex of, 92, 220, 297 n.; in Judaism and Jesuism, 92; the Christian, 96-7; in paganism, 206; evolution of, 220; in Philo, 227-8

Homer, 51, 221

Hommel, discussed, 74 n.

Horace, 129

Hormisdas, 266

Horos, 131 n., 206, 306, 319 n.; as fish, 208, 302 n.

Horoscopes, 345, 380

Horse, sacrifice of, 183-4

Hubert et Mauss, cited, 134 n.

Huemac, 216 n., 370, 371

Huet, 276, 419

Huitzilopochtli, 144; as teacher, 214; symbols of, 357; temples of, 343; evolution of, 357 ff.; sacrifices to, 362, 363; eucharist of, 373

Human origins, 340 ff.

Hume, 384

Huxley, services of, to hierology, xxvi; on Hebrew development, 65 n.; on Hebrew monotheism, 76, 77 n.; on the Bible, 77 n.; on agnosticism, 233; on witch of Endor, 233; Crawley on, 402

Hyde, cited, 265 n.

 

Ibsen, 197

Ibus, the, sacrifice among, 136 n.

Idolatry, resistance to, 70, 82, 85, 298

Idols, Mexican, 353

Ieoud, 137, 161, 186

Ifa, 217

Ihering, von, 53-4

Ihne, 45

Immortality, idea of, 47 ff.; acquired by Gods, 51; doctrine of, in Mithraism, 311, 314; Gnostic, 222; baneful effect of, 385

Imperialism, ancient, 79, 324-5, 328; and human sacrifice, 361

Incas, 366, 376 ff.; rationalism among, 383

Incense, 210, 366

India, sacred animals in, 184

Indian religion, 44, 47 n., 51, 72, 218-9 (see also Buddhism); human sacrifices, 122, 212; use of cross, 157 n. Indra, evolution of, 95

Indulgences, 380

Infanticide, 53 n., 212

Initiation, rites of, 308; grades of, 309 Inquisition, in Mexico, 381, 402

Iphicrates, 61

Iphigeneia, 135, 172, 352

Irrational, meaning of word, 4 ff.

Isaac, 51 n., 64, 65, 124, 153, 162

Isaacs, Hyam, 168

Isaiah, and suffering Messiah, 166-7; and the mystic rock, 316-7

Ishmael, 162

Ishtar, 145, 189, 293 n.

Isis, 16; as magic-worker, 21 n.; cows sacred to, 159 n.; and Nephthys, 195; in Plutarch, 299; mysteries of, 204 n., 308 n., 321 n.; as teacher, 215

Islam, 66, 87, 93, 238-9

Israel (Kronos), 161, 162 n., 186

Issedones, 128

Ixion, 318 n.

 

Jacob, 48, 51 n.

Jacobi, cited and discussed, 250, 251 ff.

Jainas, the, 250 ff., 257

Jainism, 243

Jairus’ daughter, story of, 277

Jakri, the, 110

Jamblichus, cited, 16

James "brother of the Lord," xviii, xix, 399 ff.

Jansen, 57

Jansenism, 196 n.

Janus, Jevons on, 45; evolution of, 46; as teacher, 214; and Mithra, 325; and Peter, 332-3, 406

Japan, ancestor-worship in, 43; human sacrifices in, 61, 138, 183

Jastrow, cited, 76 n.

Jenkery, 113 n., 114

Jensen, 437

Jephthah, 64, 124, 352

Jeremiah, 67, 68, 176

Jerome, on Gospel According to Hebrews, 192 n.; on Archelaus, 264; on Mithraic initiation, 308-9, 416; on Bethlehem cave, 321

p. 447

Jerusalem, siege of, 191

Jesus (= Joshua), cult of, 57, 90 ff., 95; crucifixion legend of, 118 ff., 144 ff., 192; the Apocalyptic, 142, 164, 205 n., 208; a pre-Christian God, 162 ff., 398; a demi-god in the "Teaching of the Twelve Apostles," 164, 188; unhistorical, xvii ff., 228 ff., 396 ff.; as Fish, 207, 302; in Pauline epistles, 237, 400; in Manichæism, 273; as Rock, 317; litany of name of, 332, 423-4; pagan attributes of, 332

— high-priest of the Return, 86 n., 91, 166

— son of Ananus, 193

— the Talmudic, 91, 194, 205, 237, 397, 405

Jevons, F. B., discussed, xxvi, 4 ff., 20 ff., 52, 59, 62, 65 n., 67 n., 70, 74 n., 94, 384; on earliest Gods, 1, 22, 23, 41; on taboos, 4-7, 25, 384; on rise of idea of duty, 6, 55; on superstition, 8; on magic and religion, 9-11, 14, 20, 22, 46; definitions of religion by, 20 ff., 24, 34, 60 n.; on the sacramental meal, 22, 59; on Egyptian religion, 23; on Supreme Gods, 24; on Pantheism, 24; on animism, 24; on belief, 25; on mythology, 26; on religious evolution, 27, 59-65 n.; on the Eleusinian mysteries, 28; on totemism, 27, 44, 99 n., 100 n., 102 n.; on ancestor worship, 41, 44, 52; on human sacrifices, 154 n., 209 n.; on sacred stones, 317 n.; on king-priests, 374; on Mexican priests, 375 n.; on Roman religion, 45; on religious reformers, 62; on Monotheism, 65 n., 69 n.

Jews, contemporary, rites of, 152. See Hebrews

Job, book of, 77, 85, 86

Johnston, Sir H., on negro religion, 40, 170-1

Jolley, A. J., cited, 201

Jonah, book of, 85

Joseph, 163, 167

— of Arimathea, 201, 203

Josephus, on siege of Jerusalem, 120 n.; on Jewish human sacrifice, 173; on temple miracle, 191; on Herod's theatres, 204

Joshua (= Jesus) the high-priest, 86 n., 91, 166; myths of, 64, 72, 163, 396, 428; sacrifices to, 64 n.; the hero, 91; sacrificial acts of, 150, 181; an Evemerised deity, 163 ff.

Josiah, 82

Jovian, 328

Judas, 121-2, 197, 198, 199, 398, 401

Judges as Gods, 42, 47 n.

Julian, 312, 326, 327-8

Julius Cæsar, sacrifices by and to, 129; cited, 137

Juno, 359

Jupiter, human sacrifices to, 128, 129

Justi, cited, 291 n.

Justin Martyr, on the paschal lamb, 157 n.; on Mithraic eucharist, 307, 421; on Mithraic rock, 316

Juvenal, 129, 231

 

Ka, the Egyptian, 44

Kaang, 41 n., 43

Kafirs of Hindu-Kush, sacrifices by, 184

Kalisch, 150 n., 153 n.

Kalmucks, the, 134 n.

Kalthoff, A., xiv

Kanerki, 316 n.

Kant, 56

Kapparoth, the, 168 ff.

Karabbas, 146, 172

Karaboodi, 111

Karhada Brahmans, human sacrifice by, 119

Karma, 248

Kasyapa, 244

Keane, A. H., 346 n.

Kepler, 93 n.

Kern, 261

Keys, the divine, 206, 292, 298, 330 n., 333

Khonds, ancestral Gods of, 47 n., 108; human sacrifices of, 64 n., 72, 108 ff., 118, 130, 183 n.; and images, 71 n., 108, 109 n.; ethics of, 72; religion of, 108-9; of Maliahs, 109, 110 n., 111 n., 113; myths, 111; ritual, 111 ff., 182, 193, 307 n.; liberty of victim among, 185; Teaching-Gods of, 215; mnemonics of, 345; priests of, 366

Khonsu, evolution of, 95; and Amun, 131, 320 n.; attributes of, 206

Khorda Avesta, 285

Khosrus, religion of, 319 n. See Chosroes

Kidd, 402

Kin eating, 136

King, C. W., cited, 282, 332 n.

Kings as Gods, 47 n.; sacrifices of, 137, 145, 148 ff., 161, 181, 182, 186; and priests, 288 n., 353; and progress, 35-6, 75, 361; abolition of human sacrifice by, 60 ff., 361

Kingsborough, Lord, 349 n.

Kingsley, Miss, 41

Kinvad bridge, 311

Kista, 315

Kitimba, 155

Koeppen, 242 n.

p. 448

Kollmann, P., cited, 30

Koreamoku, 215

Koyis, the, 114 n., 117

Krishna, evolution of, 95; and Buddha, 239, 252, 262; cult of, 284; and Jainism, 252

Kronos, human sacrifices to, 126, 137, 161, 162 n., 186; cult of, as Zervan, in Mithraism, 283, 291, 417 Kuenen, cited, 67 n., 68 n., 260 Kulischer, xxiv

Kyriakē, 180 n. 429

 

Lactantius, 278; cited and discussed, 121 n., 129, 279

Laing, S., 402

Lajard, services of, to hierology, xxii; on Riccio, 283; on Mithraic origins, 300 n.; on Mithraic degrees, 309, 417; on Mithraic monuments, 325 n.

Lake of fire, the, 205

Lamb, the divine, 142, 208; the God, in the Apocalypse, 142, 164, 205 n., 320; substituted for children in sacrifice, 153, 213 n.; sacrificed by Christians, 143, 207, 318, 320; as crucified, 157 n.

Lampridius, 313

Lang, A., cited: on taboo, 4; on Dr. Frazer's definition of religion, 12 n.; on ancestor-worship and name-taboo, 48, 49; on Zulu religion, 50 n.; on Supreme Gods, 71, 384, 386; on Dr. Frazer's theory, 146, 148 n., 149; on the paschal massacre, 152 n.; on scourging of victims, 188; on the Golden Bough, 191 n.; on sacrifices, 209 n.; on savage survivals, 384; on Australian religion, 12; on primitive idea of immortality, 47; on totemism, 100 n., 102 n.

Language, evolution of, 346

Lao-Tsze, 219 and note

Lardner, cited, 278

Lares Praestites, the, 46

Las Casas, 381

Law, early, and religion, 55 ff.

Lectisternia, 178 n., 196 n.

Leibnitz, 283

Lenormant, cited, 296 n.

Lent, 306

Leonard, Major, 133 n., 134 n.

Lessing, xiv, 314, 384

Letourneau, cited, 209 n.

Letronne, 300 n.

Leucadia, sacrifice at, 139

Levites, 80, 152, 353

Libra, 323

Light-Gods, 284, 326, 331

Lillie, cited and discussed, 254 n.

Limb-breaking, in sacrifice, 113, 119, 153, 155, 156

Lion-headed God, 283, 291, 298

Literatures, ancient, 78

Livingstone, 18, 103

Livy, cited, 129 n.

Logoi, 226

Logos, doctrine of, in Jewry, 86, 90, 163-4, 178, 218, 222, 226; in the Apocalypse, 205 n.; in Egypt, 217; in Mazdeism, 218, 289; in Mithraism, 292, 296, 314 ff., 409; evolution of, 218 ff.; in Brahmanism, 218-9; in China, 219; in Plato, 220; in Babylonia, 220 ff.; in Philo, 220, 223-8; in Mexico, 375 n.; in Clem. Alex., 174 n.; in Greece, 217, 218 n.

Lord's Day, 175, 180, 305, 429

Lubbock, Sir J., 102 n.

Lucian, 73

Lunus, 177

Luther, as cult-founder, 57

Lyall, Sir A. C., on magic and religion, 11; on origins of Gods, 231 ff. Lycaon, 123

Lycurgus, 238

Lydus, Johannes, 305 n.

 

Maat, 177 n., 216

Mabon, 215

Maccabees, the, 89

Macdonald, Rev. D., 43 and note, 102 n.

Macpherson, 108

Macrobius, 419

Madagascar, taboo in, 50 n.

Magi, the, 322-3 n.

Magic, origin of, 10, 15, 23, 28; and religion, 7, 9 ff., 28 ff., 99; in Brahmanism, 13; in Egypt, 13; in Chaldea, 14; primitive, 13 ff., 21; among Jews, 16, 21 n., 30; "sympathetic" and "art," 16, 28, 29, 182; and progress, 35 ff.; and art, 35 n.; private and public, 29

Mahaffy, cited and discussed, 127

Mahâvîra, 251, 252

Maimonides, 179

Maistre, Joseph de, cited, 381

Maitreya, 257

Malabar, human sacrifice in, 138

Malachi, 87

Malagasy, taboo of names by, 50 n.

Malayan human sacrifices, 122; animal sacrifices, 170-1

Malcolm, cited, 119

Maleus, 161

Mamili, 117

Manah, 177 n.

Manco Capac and Mama Ocello, 215, 342

Manes, the, 46

p. 449

Mangaia, 152 n.

Manichæism, 96, 273; and Mithraism 334

Manichæus, legend and problem of 264 ff.; flaying and crucifixion of 266; name of, 268; story of, and cave, 269; mystery-drama of, 272 writings of, 273

Manna, 177 n.

Manu, Queen, 61

Manyema, the, 155

Maoris, magic and religion among, 13 14; and images, 71 n.; cannibalism of, 104 n., 365; human sacrifices by 122, 161 n., 209 n.; and colour red 271 n.

March, 359

Marcion, 274

Marduk. See Merodach

Margoliouth, Dr., discussed, 396

Maries, the two, 200, 205

Mariner, cited, 116 n., 365 n.

Mark, gospel of, 229 n.

Markham, C., discussed, 378 n.

Mark on the forehead, the mystic, 309.

Marquesans, 133, 365

Mars, human sacrifices to, 129; symbol of, 319, 357; names of, 357; and Mithra, 325; origin and evolution of, 358-9; the star, worship of and sacrifices to, 271

Marti, 84 n.

Martindale, Fr., criticised, 413 ff.

Marucchi, 335 n.

Mary, 21 n., 97, 228, 322 n.

— Magdalene, 185

Masai, the, 36 n.; taboo of names among, 50

Mashya and Mashyana, 294 n.

Maspero, cited, 13

Mass, the, origin of name, 425

Massagetæ, 128, 160 n.

Massey, G., cited, 297 n.

Massilia, human sacrifice at, 139 n.

Matarisvan, 221 n.

Mathew. cited, 44 n., 100 n.

Maui, 43

Maury, 136 n.

Maya, the, 369-70, 371

Mazdeism, origins of, 288 ff., 291; prayer in, 305 n.; and Judaism, 83, 85-6, 166, 218 ff., 320, 422-3

Mead, G. R. S., 204 n.

Mediatorial Gods, 206, 222, 294 and note, 314, 412

Medicine, from the Gods, 215

Meir, Rabbi, 165 n.

Meis, 266

Melchizedek, 175-6

Melkarth, human sacrifice to, 126; and Athamas, 302 n.

Mên = Meni, 176-7, 298

Menahems, 268

Menelaus, 123

Menu, 238

Meredith, G., quoted, 229

Meriah, 110 ff.

Merodach, and Ea, 95, 216; in creation myth, 130; and book of Esther, 145; as mediator, 206, 222 n.; as Logos, 216; as Saviour, 222 n.; festival of, 292; and Nabu, 292

Mesi, King, 62 n.

Mesopotamian culture, 69, 74, 75, 78-80

Messenger, sacrificed, 105 ff., 190; of the Gods, 216, 217, 269, 270, 344

Messiah, rise of doctrine of, 79, 89, 166, 180; as priest, 158, 175, 179; in Book of Enoch, 89, 167; the two Messiahs, 167, 268-9; the suffering Messiah, 120, 166-7, 269 n.; Mexican, 370 ff.

Metatron, the, 163, 220 n., 314-5

Methana, sacrifices at, 171

Metis, 217, 222

Mexico, religion of ancient, 355 ff.; human sacrifices in, 132, 151, 271, 360 ff.; ethics of ancient, 366 ff.; eucharist in, 144; Teaching-Gods of, 216; language of, 382 n.; modern civilisation of, 382

Mexitli, 358

Meyer, E., cited, 51 n., 217 n.

Michael, 324, 333

Michelet, cited, 379 n.

Mihr, 289, 293, 322 n., 323

Mihrgan, 323

Mihrvard, 322 n.

Milinda, King, 249

Mills, L. H., cited and discussed, 286 ff., 295 n.

Minayeff, 260

Minos, 217

Minucius Felix, 129

Miriam, 165-6

Mirror as symbol, 344

Missa, 332 n.

Mithra, symbols of, 142, 298 ff., 309; sacrament of, 143, 174-5, 207, 307, 318, 332 n.; two-formed, 180, 296; three-formed, 296; resurrection of, 195, 306, 317; cult of, 181, 205. 208, 281 ff., 303 ff., 310 ff.; attributes of, 206, 288 ff.; sacrifice of, 299, 300, 303, 320; festivals of, 293 n.; mysteries of, 195, 302, 305, 306 ff., 314, 317 ff., 415 ff.; as tree-God, 319; and Lunus, 177; titles of, 429-30; evolution of, 95, 288 ff.; human sacrifice

p. 450

to, 126, 292, 312-3; names containing name of, 291 n.; a Pagan Christ, 294; name of month, 323; descent of, into Hades, 323

Mithradates, 325

Mithraism, 281 ff.; vogue of, 281, 324, 413; monumental remains of, 282 ff.; derivation of, 283 ff.; absorption of, in Christianity, 310 ff., 327 ff., 424; organisation of, 330; didactic side of, 310 ff.; ethics of, 288-9, 311, 326; Tisdall on, 408 ff.; Martindale on, 413 ff.

Mitra, 284, 293 n.

Moabites, human sacrifice among, 161

Mockler-Ferryman, 134 n.

Mohammed, 64, 65, 238-9. See Islam

Mokoiro, 43

Moloch, 70 n., 186

Monarchy and monotheism, 69, 76, 86

Mongols, 341, 344

Monkey sacrificed, 117

Monotheism, evolution of, 66 ff., 76, 82 ff., 84 n., 87

Montanus, xxii, 274

Moon-worship, 159, 170-1, 177. See Mên

Morals and taboo, 6, 25, 55

Mordecai, 145

Moses, 57; and Mithra, 16; as God, 17; myth of, 67, 80, 175, 190, 217, 238, 239, 273 n., 316-7; in Philo, 226-7

Mosheim, 283, 419

Mother-Goddess, Babylonian, 220; in Christianity, 228, 333; in Paganism, 321-2, 333; Mexican, 364

Mounds, the Mississippi, 343, 354

Mount, the heavenly, 287 n.

Mourning, ritual, 306

Moymis, 220

Muggleton, 58

Muir, 218-9

Müller, J. G., cited and discussed, on monotheism and polytheism, 69 n.; on theophagy, 144; on Asia and America, 347; on feather symbol, 359 n.; on humanity in religion, 366 n.

— K. O., on Dionysus, 97 n.; on Apollo, 307

— Max, his teaching, 71 n.; on the Logos doctrine, 218; on Brahmanism and Buddhism, 253 n.; on Mitra, 293 n.

Mundus, 304

Murray, Gilbert, quoted, 97

Musæus, 238

Myazd, 318, 332

Mylitta, 295-6

Mystery-drama, the Eleusinian, 28, 195; the Christian, xi, xxi, xxv, 187, 188, 193, 194-204, 212, 396 ff., 436; first Christian production of, 204; the Rhodian, 187; in the pagan cults, 181, 194, 205, 308-14; survivals of, 391 ff.; the Manichæan, 272

Mythology, significance of, xxii; arbitrary treatment of, 41; definitions of, 26

Myths, origin of, 52; and history, 231 ff.

 

Nabu, 216, 220, 292

Nagasena, 249

Nairyô-sangha, 312

Names, magical virtue of, 21 n., 49, 163, 220; origin of, 100 ff.

Narcotics in human sacrifice, 113, 114, 116, 119, 138, 140 n., 153, 155, 390

Narrinyeri, taboo of names among, 49; ngaitye of, 103; Teaching-Gods of, 214

Natchez, religion of, 353

Nature, idea of law in, 16

Nazarite, Jesus as, 186

Ndengei, 365 n.

Neander, 267

Nebo. See Nabu

Nehemiah, book of, Persian influence on, 83, 86

Nergal, 172 n.

Nero, 129 n.

Netzahualcoyotl, 366, 383

Neumann, cited, 322 n.

New Hebrides, religion in, 43

Newman, J. H., 60, 87 n.

— F. W., 65 n.

New-Year days, 146, 160-1, 292

Nietzsche, 403

Nigeria, human sacrifices in, 132, 135; cross in, 154; animal sacrifices in, 170; cattle sacred in, 184; Teaching-Gods of, 217; trinity in, 223; creation in, 221

Nile, sacrifice to, 135

Nilus, 137 n., 183 n.

Nine, sacrifice of, 107 and note

Ninlil, 297

Nonnus, 416

Nous, 315

Nubia, cannibalism in, 133

Numa, 217, 238

Numina and Gods, 45

Nurundere, 214

Nuruz, 319 n.

 

Oannes, 208, 214

Obubura sacrifices, 151

Occult, idea of, 15

Oceanic peoples, Asiatic origin of, 153

p. 451

Oddēs, the, 125 n.

Odin, cult of, 151; as teacher, 215

Odyssey, the, 81 n.

Oki, 351

Oldenberg, cited, 13; on Buddhism, 245, 247, 255, 259

Olympic Gods, 86

Omanus, 296, 418

Omar Khayyam, cited, 309 n.

Only-begotten, sacrifice of, 137, 162, 187, 351; name of the Logos, 218, 222; saviours, 167

Onophrius, 190 n.

Origen, 21 n., 92, 162, 302, 328

Ormuzd, 283. See Ahura Mazda

Orpheus, descent of, to Hades, 191 n., 307; as teacher, 217; and the bough, 191 n.; a day God, 307; and history, 238

Orphicism, egg in, 208; Attis in, 322

Osiris, 16, 53; resurrection of, 92 n., 144, 189, 306, 318; cult of, 99, 181, 306; as child, 131 and note; evolution of, 53, 95; mysteries of, 194-5, 196, 205, 217, 306, 319, 433; names of, 190 n.; attributes of, 206, 330; as Teaching-God, 214; in Plutarch, 299

Ostiaks, sacrifice by, 115 n.

Ouranos, 217

 

Pachacamac, 215, 376

Padæans, 128

Palanque, ruins of, 348

Pallas, 313 n.

Pan, 214, 302

Pantheism, 24; rise of, 76, 84, 87

Papa = Pope, 335

Papuan religion, 14 n.; cannibalism, 134 n.

Paraclete, 268, 274

Parnapishtim, 51

Parsees, the, 89

Partridge, C., 150-1

Passion plays, 391 ff.

Passover, date of, 145-6; and crucifixion, 149; rite of, 152, 157, 163, 213 n.

Pater Patrum, 336 ff.

Patroclus, 107 n.

Paul, as cult-founder, 57; and Jesus, xiii, xviii, 121, 234-5, 236, 237, 397 ff.; on the crucifixion, 196; and his converts, 314

Pausanias, 123, 127, 171

Peacock, symbol, 109

Pelopidas, 127 n.

Penitentes, 391 ff.

Persephonê, 167 n., 191 n., 195, 306 n.

Perseus, 64 n., 310, 316, 336

Persian religion, influence of on Jewish, 83, 84, 85-6, 315 n.; human sacrifices, 123

Peru, ancient religion of, 215-6, 272, 376 ff.; civilisation of, 347, 380; drama in, 193, 377

Peter, and cock, 199, 333; treason of, 199, 202; and rock, 202, 317, 330; and Proteus, 332-3; and Janus, 332-3; chair of, 334 ff.

Petra, the God, 330, 333

Petronius, cited, 1

Pfleiderer, xiii, 435 n.

Pharmakoi, 148, 171

Philo, Logos doctrine of, 220, 223-8; relation of, to Hebrew sacred books, 227 n.; his conception of sacrifice, 177-8, 227 and note

Philostratus, 275 ff.

Phœnician human sacrifices, 61, 64, 124, 126

Photius, 264, 313

Phrixos, 302

Phrygia, religion in, 274, 318

Pickering, 342, cited, 103 n.

Pidyen haben, 152

Pig, sacred, sacrifice of, 154

Pilate, 199, 203

— "Acts of," 202

Plato, Logos of, 220, 222; birth story of, 239, 277

Pliny, cited, 126, 128

Plunkett, Miss, 285 n., 300 n.

Plutarch, cited, 125 n.; his Isis and Osiris, 299; on Mithra, 412

Polixena, 106 n., 172

Polynesia, intoxicants in, 116; mystic rock in, 316; human sacrifice in, 122, 154, 209 n.; symbolic use of boughs in, 191 n.; pyramid-temples in, 343 n.

Polytheism, 66 ff.; ethics of, 69, 70, 71 ff., 77 ff.

Pompey, 325

Pomponius Mela, cited, 128

Porphyry, and Abammon, 16; on human sacrifices, 129, 137; on the Rhodian sacrifice, 137, 187; on Mithra, 299 n., 319, 320, 337, 430; on sacred caves, 304; on Mithraic initiation, 308-9

Poseidon, 330

Positivism, 57, 404

Prajapati, 219

Prah, 117 n.

Pratt, A. E., cited, 14 n., 134 n.

Prayer, logic of, 19, 21, 32; psychology of, 35

Preller, 180 n.

Prescott, cited, 341, 383 n.

p. 452

Priestcraft, 6, 30, 62, 407

Priests, as taboo-makers, 6; and religion, 6, 13, 17; inspired by the God, 216; and Kings, 62, 288 n., 374; as promoters of human sacrifice, 361, 364-5, 366, 374 ff.; hostility of to magic, 30; reduction of status of Gods by, 51; and reform of religion, 60, 62; psychology of, 367

Privileges of victims, among Codooloos, 114; among Khonds, 111, 116; at Bombay, 119; among Albanians, 125; at Rhodes, 137; in Polynesia, 154; in America, 354, 363; at Bonny, 183; among Native Americans, 183; among Hindus, 183-4

Prometheus, crucifixion of, 167

Prophets, sincerity of, 62-3

Protestantism and the backward races, 382

Proteus, 277, 332

Psychology of religion, 34-5, 39

Punjab, religion in ancient, 253 ff.

Purgatory, doctrine of, 333

Purim, 143, 145 ff.

Purity of sacrificial victims, 135, 151, 153, 161, 352

Pushan, 284 n.

Pyramid-temples, Assyrian, 182 n.; vogue of, 273, 292; Asiatic and American, 343, 354; Polynesian, 343; Mexican, 362, 366

Pythagoreanism, 220, 275, 280

 

Queen of Heaven, 176, 177

Quetzalcoatl, 216 n., 360, 368 n., 370 ff.

Quipus, 345

Quma, 342 n.

 

Ra, 216

Rain, God of, women sacrificed to, 135, 151; Hebrew sacrifices to, 150; in Mexico, 356, 368 n.

Ram, sacrificed, 117, 131, 319, 320; the mystic, 298 n., 301-2, 319, 320

Rama, 259

Rangi, 43

Ransom in sacrifice, 170

Rashnu, 289, 315

Rasmussen, cited, 14 n.

Rawlinson, cited and discussed, 290, 298 n.

Reason and religion, 39

Reclus, Elie, cited and discussed, 111 n., 114, 115

Red, colour, in human sacrifice, 112, 114, 119, 158, 270-1, 272, 344

Redemption, Jewish rites of, 152

Native Americans, religion of, 15, 343; cannibalism among, 133; taboo of names among, 49 n.; crucifixion among, 151 n.; sacrifices of, 106, 122, 124, 133, 151, 152 n., 183

Reinach, S., on religion, 58 n.; on totemism, 99 n., 100 n.

Religion, meaning of, 7, 8, 11, 12, 28, 32; definition of, 57-8; and taboo, 6, 7, 25, 33-4; and philosophy, 32 ff., 39, 56; and magic, 9 ff., 12 ff., 28 ff.; and totems, 19, 44; and law, 54-6; scientific view of, 20, 28 ff., 52, 56, 57-8, 385; evolution of, 66, 94 ff.; and reform, 60 ff.; fixation in, 66; retrogression in, 41 n., 140; and ethics, 367-8; Constant on, 58 n., 384; Reinach on, 58 n.; Réville on, 58 n.; Crawley on, 402 ff.

Renaissance, culture of, 39

Renan, 66; on the Jews, 94; on the Greeks, 94; on night in the East, 198; on Mithraism, 330 n.; on Bâbism, xvii

Renouf, Le Page, cited, 77 n., 87 n.

Resurrection, idea of, 144, 189; of the saints, 192, 200. See Immortality, and Osiris, Mithra, Dionysos, Herakles, etc.

Réville, A., on religion, 58 n.; on burying alive, 379 n.; on polytheism, 71 n.; on Apollonius of Tyana, 276, 277 n.; on Judaic science, 93 n.; on American civilisations, 342; on Jansenism, 196 n.; on cross-symbol, 368 n.; on Christianity and Mythology, 435

— J., 277 n.

Rhodes, human sacrifices at, 65 n., 137, 186, 187

Riccio, 283

Ritter, 267

Rix, Herbert, xvi

Robe, the Buddhist, 242 n., 344; the seamless, 330; of righteousness, 364

Rock, of Israel, 175, 316, 317; in Jesuism, 202, 316, 330, 331, 335; in Mithraism, 305, 316 ff., 410; in other cults, 316

Roman symbolism, 139; human sacrifice, 128-9, 135 n.; religion, 2 n., 32, 45 ff., 51 n., 53, 68; law, 53 n.; imperialism, 80; civilisation, 39; taboo of God names, 49

Romulus, 238

Rongo, 43

Roscher, xxii

Roskoff, cited, 57 n.

Rossi, 283

— de, 336

Russia, human sacrifice in, 122

Ruth, book of, 85

p. 453

Sabazios, 322, 420

Sabbath, institution of, 82, 175

Sacæa, 118, 143, 145 ff., 188

Sacraments, nature of, 28; and totemism, 99; cannibal, 22, 65, 124, 128, 141 ff.; Polynesian, 154; of Native Americans, 156; Hebrew, 168 ff.; Dionysiak, 195; Mithraic, 142-3, 174, 207; Pagan, 207 n.; Christian, 143, 207; total genealogy of, 211; American, 351, 352; Mexican, 364 ff., 373; Peruvian, 378-9; Scythian, 128

Sacrifices, ethic of, 32; Hebrew, 106, 168 ff.

human, disused in prosperity, 64; revived in disaster, 65, 140; forms of, 105 ff.; in Greece, 60-1, 123, 129, 135, 139; in Egypt, 61, 123, 129, 135; Phœnician, 61, 64, 124, 126, 129; Polynesian, 61, 122, 150 n., 151, 154, 156, 189; Japanese, 61. 127, 183; in Dahomey, 61, 136, 270; Chinese, 61, 366; Hebrew, 64, 65, 107 n., 124, 149-50, 158 ff., 168 ff., 186, 189; Athenian, 106, 127; in Uganda, 107, 125 n., 155; at Benin, 107-8, 135, 138 n., 151, 154; in Sumatra, 116, 126; in Nigeria, 132, 134, 136 n., 150; to the Rain God, 135; to the Nile, 135; in Malabar, 138; in Brazil, 350-1; American, 106, 122, 183, 350 ff.; Mexican, 119, 151, 271, 360 ff.; Peruvian, 366, 378; Khond, 108 ff.; universal, 122 ff.; Albanian, 125; to Zeus, 123, 125; to Jupiter, 128, 129; ancient Mesopotamian, 128; Persian, 123; Roman, 128-9; Arab, 126, 129; Rhodian, 137; analogous to executions, 135; evolution of theory and practice of, 138 ff., 156, 186 ff., 209-13, 361; Teutonic, 151; to Dionysos, 123; to Kronos, 126, 137; to Melkarth, 126; to Mithra, 126, 312; Scythian, 127-8, 269, 270; to the sea, 129 n., 183; in Bombay, 119; African, 122, 132-3, 151; Malay, 122; Indian, 122, 127; Russian, 122; Maori, 122, 365; Aryan, 122; Slavonic, 123; in modern Greece, 125; by Catalinarian conspirators, 125; in Gaul, 137

Sagan, the, 159

Sahagun, 381

Sainte-Croix, 313, 414

Salamis, human sacrifices at, 125, 127

Salih, 270 n.

Sallust, cited, 125 n.

Samaritan religion, 85, 86, 92, 163, 213 n.

Samoans, taboo of names by, 50 n.; human sacrifices by, 61, 150 n.; religion of, 103, 386

Samson, an Evemerised god, 81, 292; a deliverer, 167; only begotten, 167; as Nazarite, 186; Sun-God, 186, 307; and Mithra, 292; death of, 307; labours of, 308

Samuel, 17; a God, 81

Sancu, 379

Sandeman, 57

Sandwich Islands, human sacrifice in, 156

Saoshyant, and Jewish Messianism, 166; characteristics of, 206, 322; and Mithra, 322, 420; Tisdall on, 411

Saracen culture, 39

Sarasvati, 218-219, 221

Sargon, 317

Sarpanitum, 221

Satapatha Brāhmana, 117

Saturn, sacrifices to, 126; as Teaching-God, 214. See Kronos

Saturnalia, 186

Saul, 233; sons of, sacrificed, 149, 161, 181, 189

Saussaye, C. de la, 45

Savages, progress among, 35 ff.; forward races and, 381 ff.; psychology of, 42

Saviour-Gods, 99 ff., 206, 222

Savitri, 284 n., 293 n.

Sayce, cited, 14, 220; discussed, 74 n., 411

Scalping, 344

Scapegoat, 184; sacrifice of, 105 ff., 138, 158-9, 189

Schmiedel, xi, 229 ff.; his nine trustworthy texts, xix, 230 ff.

Schürer, cited, 92 n., 160 n., 174 Schwab, cited, 159 n.

Schwegler, xxii, 45, 274

Schweitzer, Dr. A., xiv, 435 n.

Science and magic, 14 ff., 22

Scourging, sacrificial, 188-9

Scythians, cannibalism among, 127; human sacrifices by, 127-8, 269, 270

Seel, H., 414

Seeman, B., 343 n.

Selden, 313, 419

"Self-made" Gods, 175

Semites, ethics of, 53 n.; sacrifices of, 64, 65, 124, 135; modern, 152, 157; sun-and-moon-worship of, 171. See also Hebrew and Phœnician

Senart, cited and discussed, 252 n.; 258 ff.

Sepher Toledoth Jeschu, the, 220, 406

Serapis, 95

Sermon on the Mount, 229, 236

Seven, sacred number, 164, 181, 205 n. 309 n., 317

Sex, ethic of, 77-8

p. 454

Sexes, union of in deity, 293, 296-8, 418

Sexual liberty of sacrificial victim, among Khonds, 111, 185; among Codooloos, 114; among Native Americans, 183; in Mexico, 363

Shakespeare, 197

Shamai, 179

Shamas, 214, 292

Sheep, sacrifice of, 131, 272, 379; sacred, 184

Shekinah, 86

Shema, 49

Shew-bread, 178-9

Shintoism, 344

Siddartha, 244 n., 252

Sidonius Apollinaris, cited, 278

Silenus, 215

Simon of Cyrene, 199

— Magus, 252

Sin, theory of, 404

Sin-offerings, 189

Sioux, human sacrifice by, 351

Siün, 61 n.

Skeat, W. W., 171 n.

Skins, sacrosanct, in Mexico, 137, 271, 344, 364, 368, 373; in Scythia, 190, 270

Smith, Prof. Robertson, cited and discussed, on origin of Gods 1 n.; on origins of religion, 52; on Mohammed, 65 n.; on Jewish monotheism, 69; on animal sacrifice, 131: on Arab sacrifices, 132 n., 134 n.; on executions and sacrifice, 150 n.; on Jewish mystery revivals, 173; as editor, 281, 431; on Mexican sacrifices, 363 n.; on sacred skins, 364; on decay of cannibalism, 365 n.

— Adam, cited, 15

— Prof. W. B., xi, 398

Sokrates (Ecclesiastical Historian), on Mithraic sacrifices, 126, 313; on Manichæus, 264

Solomon, 85

Soma, the, gives Gods immortality, 51; feast of, 175; origin of, 53; in Persia, 285; deification of, 100, 318

Son of God, notion of, 95 ff., 322; sacrifice of, 161-2

Sophia, doctrine of, in Judaism, 90, 92, 221, 222; evolution of, 219, 221, 222; in Philo, 223, 227; in Christianity, 228; in Gnosticism, 315

Sophocles, 195

Soterism, 72, 92

Spartans, sacrifices of, 135 n.

Spencer, H., 71 n.; cited, 40, 50 n.; on origin of Gods, 42; services of, xxiii, xxvi; on origin of totem, 100-1; on funeral sacrifices, 209; on tree of knowledge, 318 n.; on evolution of altars, 317 n.

Spiegel, cited, 269, 274 n., 409

"Spirits," 15, 42, 46, 51, 86

Spitta, F., xii, xiii

Sraosha, 296 n., 314, 315, 322, 410

Stable, the sacred, 322-3 n.

Stade, cited, 87 n., 163 n.

Steinthal, cited, 17 n.

Stevenson, W. B., cited, 342 n.

Strabo, on Leucadian sacrifice, 124; on Albanian sacrifice, 125; on Sacæa, 148 n.; on Omanus, 296

Strack, H. L., 160 n.

Substitution in sacrifice, among Greeks, 60, 131; in Japan, 61; by kings, 60, 61; among Koyis, 117; among Brahmans, 117; in India, 118 n.; in Polynesia, 118 n., 154; among Arabs, 131; in Egypt, 131; reason of, 134; among Malays, 171 n.; in Fiji, 365 n.; in Mexico, 369

Suetonius, cited, xiv, 129, 406

Suidas, quoted, 314

Sunday, 175, 305, 332, 429

Sun-Gods, 293-4, 299 ff., 305; titles of, 175; symbols of, 190; births of, 321; Hebrew sacrifices to, 150; sacrifice of horse to, 184; and Goat-Gods, 302

Sun-worship, 172, 350, 356, 363, 376-7

Supernatural, meaning of word, 1, 20; idea of, 9, 20

Superstition, meaning of, 8-9; Hebrew, 86-7, 93; in times of crisis, 140 ff.

Supper, Holy, 143, 174, 176, 196. See Eucharists

Survival, laws of, in religion, 27, 280, 328

Suttee, 61 n.; Peruvian, 379

Swastika, the, 309

Sword = cross, 319

Symbolism, in sacrifice, 139, 144; in Mithraism, 298 ff.; in Plutarch, 299; in ancient religions, 328

Synagogues of dispersion, 168

Syncretism in religion, 294 n.

 

Taaroa, 316

Taboo, origin of, 5-6; effects of, 7; and religion, 6, 7, 49, 55, 57, 404; and social obligation, 6, 55; of names, 49 ff.; among Hebrews, 49; force of, 100

Tacitus, on the Christians, 406

Tahiti, sacrificial usages at, 151, 152 n., 365; cannibalism in, 133

Talmud, 78 n., 119 n., 158, 268, 428

Tammuz, resurrection of, 145, 189; name of, 162, 301; cult of, 162, 185, 321

Tangaloa, 216

p. 455

Tanith, 217 n., 296, 322

Tannese, the, 109 n.

Tao or Tau, 219

Taplin, Rev. G., 103, 214

Tari Pennu, 72, 109 ff., 215

Tarsus, religions of, 195, 316 n.

Tau, the, 157, 310

Taurobolium, the, 208, 303, 335

Tauthê, 220

Taylor, Rev. R., on Maori magic, 1314; on Godhood of chiefs, 41; on Maori images, 71 n.

Teaching-God, notion of, 56; primary, 214-8; Mexican, 370

Teaching of the Twelve Apostles, 164, 188

Tears, in Jewish ritual, 159; sacrificial value of, 115, 189

Tell, William, 239

Temple, Jewish legends of, 191-2

Temptation-myth, modern criticism of, xii, xiii

Ten commandments, 238, 312

Teraphim, 353

Terebinthus, 264

Tertullian, cited, on child sacrifice, 126; on sacred blood, 129; on willingness of victim, 121 n.; on Mithraism, 308; on cult of Herakles, 337; on mysteries of Osiris, 306

Tezcatlipoca, as son and lover, 322 n.; symbol of, 344; attributes of, 358, 363, 375; festival of, 363; and Quetzalcoatl, myth of, 370

Tezcucans, civilisation of, 348 n., 366

Thadda Pennu, 109

Thargelia, 106, 127, 139, 148, 188

Thartaboodi, 111

Theism, 12, 19, 33; and kingship, 55

Themistocles, 127

Theodosius, 95 n.

Thieves, sacrificed, 135, 137

Thomas, St., 349 n.

Thomson, B., 134 n.

Thoth, and magic, 21 n.; and seven, 205 n.; as teacher, 214, 216; moon-god, 217, 221; influence of, on Judaism, 221

Thrace, human sacrifice in, 129

Three, sacrifice of, 115, 181 ff.

Thunder-God, sacrifices to, 141

Thurston, 114 n.; cited, 118

Tiberius, 126, 128

Tibet, 136

Tiele, on Hebrew religion, 76 n.; on Hermes, 217 n.; on magic of names, 220; on Anaitis, 296 n.

Tisdall, Dr., criticised, 408 ff.

Tlaloc, 356, 368 n.

Tlascalans, civilisation of, 345, 368

Toleration, ancient, 75

Toltecs, 348, 361; religion of, 370 ff.

Tonga Islands, human sacrifice in, 61, 151; enemies eaten in, 133; child sacrifice in, 154 n., 365; religion in, 216

Torquemada, cited, 355 n.

Torture in human sacrifice, 115, 119, 133

Totem, deification of, 44, 100; eating of, 99, 104

Totemism, 19, 27, 44, 99; and civilisation, 37 n.; origin of, 100 ff.; sacrifices relating to, 110 n., 210

Transfiguration, the, 203, 204

Tree, the sacred, 118, 318, 319; Mithra in, 319. See Cross

Trinity, doctrine of, 87, 295; in Egypt, 206, 295; in China, 219; in Judaism, 228; in Mazdeism, 309 n., 315; in Akkad, 297; in Babylonia, 206, 297; in Hinduism, 295; in Nigeria, 220; in Christianity, 228

Trumbull, cited, 213

Tu, 215

Tupinambos, human sacrifice by, 350-1

Turner, quoted, 103

Twelve, eucharist of, 175, 179; apostles, 164, 180, 399; labours, 308, 335, 336; tables, 238; sacrifice of, 107 n.

Twenty-four elders, 164, 179

Two-sexed deities, 297 n., 322

Tylor, cited, 342-3, 372 n., 382

Typhon, 16, 159 n., 299

Tyre, human sacrifice in, 126

 

Uganda, limb-breaking in, 155; cannibalism in, 136; human sacrifice in, 107, 125 n.

Ui, 61

Unas, King, 47 n.

Unitarianism and Christian origins, 431

Upavasatha, the, 175

Uranus, myth of, 53 n.

Usher, 268

Usury among Hebrews, 87

 

Vacca, 283

Vâch, 218-9, 221

Vaggians, tribe of, 245

Valerian, 129 n., 270, 272

Valverde, 381

Van Manen, xviii, 237 n., 259 n., 398, 400

Varro, 134 n.

Varuna, 284, 288

Vasishtha, 251

Vatea, 43

Vatican Mount, the, 335 ff.

Veda, first created thing, 219; second created, 219; Agni's mouth, 219

Vedantism, 219

p. 456

Vegetation-Gods, 191 n., 195, 307, 358, 433

Vendidad, 285, 311, 314

Venus, 53; double sex of, 297 n.; the star, 351

Vestals, 379 n.

Vinet, xxv

Viracocha, 376

Virgil, 191 n.

Virgin-birth, myths of, 316, 321-2, 359, 410, 420

Virgins, sacrificed, 135; Pagan, 353

Vishnu, 262

Visions, psychology of, 34

Visperâd, 285

Vitality in religion, 402 ff.

Vizaresha, 311

Vohumano, influence of on Judaism, 222; in Mazdeism, 226; character and attributes of, 296; in Vendidad, 311; = Sraosha, 322, 410; and Mithra, 332, 410, 418

Voltaire, xv

Votan, 371

 

WAFER, the sacred, 207 n., 208

Wakamba, the, 2 n.

Wakeman, 402

Wamyamwezi, the, 2 n.

Ward, Lester, 33 n.

War-Gods, evolution of, 358-9

Warneck, cited, 2 n., 32 n., 42-3, 136

Water, sacrament of, 143; and the Spirit, 221; Goddess of, 356

Weber, cited, 221 n.; discussed, 250 ff.

Week of the Son, the, 166

Wellhausen, cited, xii, 67

White in sacrifice, 151, 168, 170, 172, 184, 352

Whittaker, T., 275 n., 279 n.

Whydah, sacrifices at, 133

Wiedemann, 47 n.

Williams, T., cited, 386

Winckler, cited, 296 n.

Windischmann, xxii

Winds, sacrifices to, 171

Wine, sacrament of, 142 ff., 175 ff.; given to victims, 119 ff., 137, 354; God of, in Mexico, 375. See Dionysos, Soma, and Haoma

Wisdom, Book of, 227

Wisdom. See Sophia

Witchcraft, effects of, 31

Witch of Endor, 233

Women, position of in ancient world, 78; in Mithraism, 325-6; in Polynesia, 365; sacrifices of, 135, 364; pregnant, in Jewish ritual, 158; Christian Messiah and, 185; and Buddhism, 249

Word. See Logos

Writing, art of, 81

 

Xerxes, 231

Xipe, human sacrifices to, 137, 390

Xiuhteuctli, 119, 271, 368, 373

 

YAHWEH, name of, 220; sacraments of, 174, 175, 177; name tabooed, 49; priestly theory of, 68; as bull, 70 n.; frauds upon, 72, 87; nature of, 73; worship of, 67, 70 n., 78, 152; rise of, 81 ff., 95; as rain-giver, 73, 82, 178; as Saviour, 206

Yakuts, the, of Siberia, 184

Yama, 41

Yashts, the, 285

Yasna, 285

Yasoda, 252

Yeschu, 162

Yima, 299

Yoke, the mystic, 206

Yom Kippur. See Atonement, day of

Yucatan, religion of, 353; civilisation of, 354

Yuluca, 359

 

Zaden, 291 n.

Zahn, Prof., xii

Zakmuk, 143, 145

Zalmoxis, 160 n., 269

Zapotecs, the, religion of, 356 n.

Zarathustra, as cult founder, 57; and Saoshyant, 166, 322; unhistorical, 238, 286; and Er, 272; and cave, 272, 304; Mills on, 286 ff.; cult of, 286 ff.; in Vendidad, 311, 314; his descent to Hades, 324 n.; his birth story, 324 n.

Zechariah, cited, 73, 317; and Mazdeism, 422-3

Zendavesta, 285, 312

Zervan, 283

Zeus, 64 n., 96, 294 n.; Lycæus, 60, 127; human sacrifice to, 125, 127; rain-giver, 177; a Saviour, 206; reason of, 217; lawgiver, 217; cave-born, 321 n.

Zipaltonal, 360

Zodiac, and lamb sacrifice, 142; in Judaism, 179 n.; in Christism, 185; in Mithraism, 299, 337; bull in, 298 n.; origin and antiquity of, 300 and note; and evangelist symbols, 309 n.; and cults of antiquity, 299 ff.; and chair of Peter, 336

Zoganes, the, 160

Zoroaster, 57, 272. See Zarathustra

Zulus, human sacrifice by, 124

 

 

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