Paradise Found: Table of Contents

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DEDICATION	v
PREFACE	viii

PART FIRST.
THE LOCATION OF EDEN: STATE OF THE QUESTION.

CHAPTER I.
THE RESULTS OF EXPLORERS, HISTORIC AND LEGENDARY.
Columbus approaching the gate	3
The report of Sir John de Maundeville	7
Adventures of Prince Eirek	10
The voyages of St. Brandan and of Oger	12
The success of the author of The Book of Enoch	20
An equestrian's anticipations	21
David Livingstone a searcher for Eden	22
Unanimous verdict: Non est inventus	22

CHAPTER II.
THE RESULTS OF THEOLOGIANS.
Ideas of the church fathers	23
Opinions of Luther and of Calvin	25
Contemporary opinion entirely conflicting	25
Inconclusive character of the Biblical data	26
The garden "eastward"	27
The "Euphrates"	28
The problem "unsolved if not insoluble"	32
p. xiv

CHAPTER III.
THE RESULTS OF NON-THEOLOGICAL SCHOLARS: NATURALISTS, ETHNOLOGISTS, ETC.
The unity of the human species	33
But one "mother-region"	33
Its location—ten different answers	35
Views of Darwin, Häckel, Peschel, etc.	35
Views of Quatrefages, Obry, etc.	36
Locations of lost Atlantis	38
Theory of Friedrich Delitzsch	39
Theory of E. Beauvois	41
Theory of Gerald Massey	42
The Utopians	43
Despair of a solution	43

PART SECOND.
A FRESH HYPOTHESIS: PRIMITIVE EDEN AT THE NORTH POLE.

CHAPTER I.
THE HYPOTHESIS, AND THE CONDITIONS OF ITS ADMISSIBILITY.
Statement of the hypothesis	47
Seven sciences to be satisfied	48

CHAPTER II.
IMPORTANT NEW FEATURES AT ONCE INTRODUCED INTO THE PROBLEM OF THE SITE OF EDEN AND THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THESE FOR A VALID SOLUTION.
Seven peculiarities of a polar Eden	50
Our hypothesis consequently most difficult	53
Its certain break-down if not true	53

PART THIRD.
THE HYPOTHESIS SCIENTIFICALLY TESTED AND CONFIRMED.

CHAPTER I.
THE TESTIMONY OF SCIENTIFIC GEOGONY.
Popular prepossessions	57
Secular refrigeration of the earth	57
p. xv
Inevitable implications of the doctrine	58
Bearing of these upon our problem	59

CHAPTER II.
THE TESTIMONY OF ASTRONOMICAL GEOGRAPHY.
Length of the polar day	60
Mistakes of Geikie and Lyell	60
The actual duration of daylight	61
Experience of Weyprecht and Payer	62
Experience of Barentz	63
Citation from Baron Nordenskjöld	63
The statement of Captain Pim	64
The explanation of discrepancies	65
A safe settlement of the question	66
The polar night	68
Aspects and progress of the polar day	69
A paradisaic abode	70

CHAPTER III.
THE TESTIMONY OF PHYSIOGRAPHICAL GEOLOGY.
A primitive circumpolar continent	71
Anticipated by Klee	71
Speculations of Wallace	72
Postulated by Professor Heer	73
Also by Baron Nordenskjöld	73
Testimony of Starkie Gardner	74
Testimony of Geikie	74
Theories as to its submergence	75
Adhémar's theory	75
Theory of tidal action	75
Leibnitz's theory of crust-collapse	79
Summary of evidence under this head	82

CHAPTER IV.
THE TESTIMONY OF PREHISTORIC CLIMATOLOGY.
Primeval temperature at the Pole	83
The evidence of scientific geogony	84
The evidence of paleontological botany	84
Testimony of life-history	85
Estimates of Professor Heer	85
Declaration of Sir Charles Lyell	86
Conclusion	86
p. xvi

CHAPTER V.
THE TESTIMONY OF PALEONTOLOGICAL BOTANY.
The starting-point of all floral types	87
A remarkable recent discovery	87
Sir Joseph Hooker	88
The contribution of Heer	89
Of Professor Asa Gray	90
The claim of Count Saporta	90
The conclusions of Otto Kuntze	92

CHAPTER VI.
THE TESTIMONY OF PALEONTOLOGICAL ZOÖLOGY.
Geographical distribution of animals	93
First remarkable fact	93
Second remarkable fact	94
Language of Professor Orton	94
Language of Professor Packard	94
Mr. Alfred Russel Wallace cited	95
Conclusion	95

CHAPTER VII.
THE TESTIMONY OF PALEONTOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY AND GENERAL ETHNOLOGY.
One traveler who has been in Eden	97
His note-books lost	97
What says Paléoethnique science?	97
The first conclusions of Quatrefages	98
His premonitions of a new doctrine	98
Count Saporta's conclusions	99
F. Müller and M. Wagner's views	100
Anthropogony by virtue of ice and cold	100
An unacceptable theory	101

CHAPTER VIII.
CONCLUSION OF PART THIRD.
A word from Principal Dawson	102
Summary of results thus far	102
An unexpected reinforcement	103
"Where did Life Begin?"	103
Confirmatory extracts	104
p. xvii

PART FOURTH.
THE HYPOTHESIS CONFIRMED BY ETHNIC TRADITION.

CHAPTER I.
ANCIENT COSMOLOGY AND MYTHICAL GEOGRAPHY.
The mistaken modern assumption	117
The "True Key"	120
General statement	121
The "Mountain of the World"	123
The same in Egyptian Mythology	124
In the Akkadian, Assyrian, and Babylonian	126
In the Chinese	128
Lithe Indo-Aryan	129
In the Buddhistic	131
In the Iranian	133
In the Greek and Roman	135
The Underworld	137
Cautions as to interpretation	137
The chorography of Christian hymns	138

CHAPTER II.
THE CRADLE OF THE RACE IN ANCIENT JAPANESE THOUGHT.
The most ancient Japanese book	140
Japanese cosmogony	140
Izanagi's spear	140
"The Island of the Congealed Drop"	141
Sir Edward Reed places it at the Pole	141
Mr. Griffis reaches the same conclusion	141

CHAPTER III.
THE CRADLE OF THE RACE IN CHINESE THOUGHT.
The Tauist paradise	143
Descriptions	143
The stupendous world-pillar	144
Connects the terrestrial and celestial paradises	145
Same idea in the Talmud	145
"The Strength of the Hill of Sion"	145
Shang-te's upper and lower palaces	146
At the celestial and terrestrial Poles	146
p. xviii

CHAPTER IV.
THE CRADLE OF THE RACE IN EAST ARYAN OR HINDU THOUGHT.
The world of the Brahmans	148
The abode of Yama	149
The varshas of the upper world	150
The northward journey to Mount Meru	150
The descent to Uttarakuru	151
Illustrations of the Puranic world	151
Ilâvrita, the Hindu's Eden	151
Its north polar position	151
Lenormant's language	151
Ritter's unwitting testimony	154
"The polar region is Meru"	154
"Meru the Garden of the Tree of Life"	154

CHAPTER V.
THE CRADLE OF THE RACE IN IRANIAN OR OLD-PERSIAN THOUGHT.
The primitive pair and their abode	155
Key to the Iranian cosmography	155
The Chinvat Bridge	155
Current misinterpretations	156
Twelve questions answered	156
True nature of the bridge	158
Its position	158
Position of Kvanîras	158
The mythic geography of the Persians	159
Diagram of the Keshvares	159
Polar position of "Iran the Ancient"	161

CHAPTER VI.
THE CRADLE OF THE RACE IN AKKADIAN, ASSYRIAN, AND BABYLONIAN THOUGHT.
The sacred mountain	163
Chaldæan cosmology	163
Lenormant's exposition	163
Three inconsistencies	165
Location of the world-mountain	166
Lenormant's difficulties	166
The true solution	168
Two Akkads	168
The mount of the Underworld	169
It determines the site of Kharsak	170
And this the site of the Akkadian Eden	171
p. xix

CHAPTER VII.
THE CRADLE OF THE RACE IN ANCIENT EGYPTIAN THOUGHT.
Underestimates of Egyptian science	172
Six theses in Egyptian cosmology	173
Its earth a sphere	174
Northern and southern termini	174
Four supports of heaven at the North	174
A parallel in Buddhist cosmology	175
The southern hemisphere the Underworld	176
The highest North the abode of the gods	179
An interesting hieroglyph	179
Plato's Egyptian Eden-story	181

CHAPTER VIII.
THE CRADLE OF THE RACE IN ANCIENT GREEK THOUGHT
Supposed discrepancies of tradition	182
Possible agreement	182
A reminiscence of Mount Meru	183
Renan and Lenormant	183
Lost Atlantis	184
Deukalion, a man of the North	186
The Isles of Kronos	187
The Golden Age	187
Wolfgang Menzel's verdict	187
Conclusion and transition	187

PART FIFTH.
FURTHER VERIFICATIONS OF THE HYPOTHESIS BASED UPON A STUDY OF THE PECULIARITIES OF A POLAR PARADISE.

CHAPTER I.
THE EDEN STARS.
Stellar motion at the Pole	191
Has tradition any reminiscence of such?	191
The strange doctrine of Anaxagoras	191
Chaldæan and Egyptian traditions	193
A natural explanation	194
The myth of Phaëthon	195
Iranian and Aztec traditions	196
Result	196
p. xx

CHAPTER II.
THE EDEN DAY.
Length of day at the Pole	197
Sunrise in the South	197
The tradition of the Northmen	199
The tradition of the ancient Persians	197
The tradition of the East Aryans	198
The year-day of Homer	200
The tradition of the Navajos	201

CHAPTER III.
THE EDEN ZENITH.
The polar zenith is the Pole	202
This the true heaven of the first men	202
The Hebrew conception	203
The Egyptian conception	208
The Akkadian conception	209
The Assyrio-Babylonian conception	209
The Sabæan conception	210
The Vedic conception	210
The Buddhistic conception	211
The Phœnician conception	212
The Greek conception	212
The Etruscan and Roman conception	213
The Japanese conception	215
The Chinese conception	215
The ancient Germanic conception	217
The ancient Finnic conception	218
How came the Biblical Eden to be in the East?	219
Solution of the problem	219
Confirmations and illustrations	222

CHAPTER IV.
THE NAVEL OF THE EARTH.
Prevalence of the expression	225
Its symbolical and commemorative character	228
The Jerusalem earth-centre	234
That of the Greeks	234
That of the Babylonians	239
That of the Hindus	240
p. xxi
That of the Persians	243
That of the Chinese	244
That of the Japanese	245
That of the Northmen	246
That of the Mexicans	246
That of the Peruvians and others	247
Result	248

CHAPTER V.
THE QUADRIFURCATE RIVER.
Origin and nature of this river	250
Sacred hydrography of the Persians	251
All waters have one headspring	251
Also one place of discharge	251
Exposition of the system	252
Similar ideas among the Greeks	254
The Vedic system	257
The Puranic	259
Traces in Christian legend	260

CHAPTER VI.
THE CENTRAL TREE.
The tree in the midst of the garden	262
Were there two?	262
Its inevitable significance if at the North Pole	263
The Yggdrasil of the Northmen	264
The World-tree of the Akkadians	264
The Tat-pillar of the Egyptians	265
The Winged Oak of the Phœnicians	266
The White Hôm of the Persians	267
The cosmic Aśvattha of the Hindus	269
The holy Palm of the Greeks	270
The Bodhi tree of the Buddhists	271
The Irmensul of the Saxons	272
The Arbre Sec of the Middle Ages	273
The Tong of the Chinese	274
The World-reed of the Navajos	274
The Apple-tree of Avalon	276
The star-bearing World-tree of the Finns	276
p. xxii

CHAPTER VII.
THE EXUBERANCE OF LIFE.
Ethnic traditions of the Earth's deterioration	279
Also of the deterioration of mankind	281
Stature and longevity of primeval men	281
All credible on our hypothesis	284
Language of Professor Nicholson	285
A citation from Figuier	285
The gigantic Sequoia of Arctic origin	286
Animal life in the Tertiary period	289
Primitive forms by no means monstrosities	294
All this wealth of fauna from the North	297

CHAPTER VIII.
REVIEW OF THE ARGUMENT.
Nature of the argument	300
Seven tests applicable to any location	300
Seven others peculiar to a location at the Pole	300
A double demonstration	301
Bailly's approximation to the truth	303
Another independent line of evidence	303
Philosophy of previous failures	304
Philosophy of mediæval confusion	304
Patristic descriptions made plain	305
The world of Cosmas Indicopleustes	305
The world of Columbus	306
The world of Dante	307
How highest heaven came to be under foot	309

PART SIXTH.
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF OUR RESULTS.

CHAPTER I.
THEIR BEARING UPON THE STUDY OF BIOLOGY AND TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS.
The sciences immediately affected	313
The services of biology to archæology	314
The services of archæology to biology	314
Narrowness of many biologists	315
Evils thereof	315

The true corrective	317
The latest generalization of paleontology	317
Anticipated in two Persian myths	317
Terrestrial life-gamut of the Hindus	319
Its lesson to students of the Origin of Life	319
Extraordinary biological conditions	320
Most favorable of all at the Poles	320
Biological superiority of the North Pole	321
Reasons to be more fully investigated	322
Heightened fascination of polar exploration	325

CHAPTER II.
THE BEARING OF OUR RESULTS ON THE STUDY OF ANCIENT LITERATURE.
Darwin's primeval man	326
His discovery of the sky	327
And of trees of infinite height	327
The "short memories" of Vedic worshipers	327
Their ocean-producing imaginations	328
Bunbury on Homeric science	328
Exegetical distortions of ancient thought	328
Homer's cosmology re-expounded	329
First, as to the movement of the sun	329
Second, as to the location of Hades	332
Third, as to .the cosmic water-system	333
Fourth, as to the Olympos of the gods	338
Fifth, as to the tall pillars of Atlas	350
The exegetical method dictated by our results	359
Its fruitfulness in the future	360

CHAPTER III.
THE BEARING OF OUR RESULTS ON THE PROBLEM OF THE ORIGIN AND EARLIEST FORM OF RELIGION.
The pan-ethnic account	363
Hume's dissent	364
The doctrine of Comte	369
Miller's refutation of primitive fetichism	370
Sir John Lubbock's scheme	372
Refutation by Roskoff and others	375
Caspari's theory	375
The theory of Jules Baissac	382
p. xxiv
Current approximations of teaching	385
As to the origin of the arts	386
As to intellectual powers of the first men	386
As to their super-fetichistic attitude	390
As to their monogamous family form	392
As to their capacity for monotheism	397
Seven conclusion	403

CHAPTER IV.
THE BEARING OF OUR. RESULTS ON THE PHILOSOPHY OF HISTORY AND ON THE THEORY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF CIVILIZATION.
The apostles of primeval savagery	407
Their doctrine	407
Sub-savage stupidity of the first men	408
Dr. Wilhelm Mannhardt's representation	409
A most important primitive discovery	410
Daphne not a tree	410
Emphatic demand for antediluvian longevity	410
The new Babel	411
Nine memoranda	411
Primeval human history	418
The ancient ethnic view Biblical and true	419
Plato's antediluvian age	420
The consensus of all ancient religions	422
The "Stone Age" in the light of our results	422
Origin of postdiluvian laws and states	423
An imaginary conversation	424
A pagan testimony	432
To those who hear not Moses and the Prophet's	432
Conclusion	432

APPENDIX.
I. The Earth of Columbus not a True Sphere	435
II. How the Earth was Peopled	437
III. Reception of "The True Key"	450
IV. The Earth and World of the Hindus	459
V. The World-Pillar of the Rig Veda	465
VI. Homer's Abode of the Dead	467
VII. Latest Polar Research	487
VIII. Trustworthiness of Early Tradition	492
IX. Index of Authors cited	497
X. Index to the Work	502

TABLE OF CONTENTS.