The Wisdom of the Talmud, by Ben Zion Bokser, [1951], at sacred-texts.com
The Wisdom of the Talmud, by Ben Zion Bokser, [1951], at sacred-texts.com
1. Beer ha-Golah, ch. 7.
2. Vol. V, p. 773.
3. See A. B. Tager, The Decay of Czarism. The Beiliss Trial, Based on Unpublished Materials in The Russian Archives, Philadelphia, 1935.
4. This work is available in the original Polish and in a German translation by Minna Safier, published in Vienna, 1937.
5. A Commentary on the Palestinian Talmud, N. Y. 1941, Vol. 1, pp. XXXIII, XLIII.
1. Jebamot 90b; Moed Katan 9a. *
2. Yerushalmi Sanhedrin 4:2. **
3. Rosh ha-Shanah 25b.
4. Baba Mezia 59b.
5. Sanhedrin 27b.
6. Mishnah, Baba Mezia 9:13; Kiddushin 24a.
7. Mishnah, Shebiit 10:2, 3. Cf. Gittin 37b.
8. Makkot 4b; Sanhedrin 54b.
9. Yoma 85b; Mishnah, Berakot 9:5.
10. Genesis Rabbah 39:21; Sanhedrin 93b; Baba Batra 15a.
11. Sanhedrin 39a; Baba Kamma 38a.
12. Mekilta on Exodus 14:15, 18:12, 21:14; Sifre on Deut. 11:13. Cf. however the analysis of S. Zeitlin, "The Halaka: Introduction to Tannaitic Jurisprudence", The Jewish Quarterly Review, XXXIV, I, (July 1948), pp. 14–21.
13. Mishnah, Yoma 1:1, 2, and Yoma 18a; Mishnah Yoma 8:5 and Yoma 83a.
14. Mishnah, Yoma 8:7, and Yoma 85a, 85b.
15. Mishnah, Baba Mezia 2:4, and Yerushalmi Baba Mezia 2:5.
1. Ezra 7:11, Psalm 9:2, 14, 19:2, 50:16.
2. Genesis 18:22 and Genesis Rabbah, ad locum.
3. Abot 1:1, 2.
4. Perushim is a passive construction of the verb parosh, but Talmudic Hebrew frequently uses the passive form with an active meaning as in Mishnah, Berakot 4:5; Tosefta Berakot 2:6, 3:18; Ketubot 26a, 66b.
5. Abot 1:4, 1:6, 1:7.
6. Megillat Taanit 4.
7. Josephus, Antiquities XIII 10:6.
8. Josephus, Antiquities XIII 10:5–6; Kiddushin 66a; Sanhedrin 19a.
9. Shabbat 31a.
10. Gittin 36b
11. Abot 1:10; Mishnah, Nedarim 3:4.
12. Yoma 39a.
13. Antiquities XX 9:7.
14. Mishnah, Yoma 1:1.
15. Pesahim 57a.
16. Pesahim 57a; Yoma 35b.
17. Antiquities XX 8:8, 9:2.
18. Josephus, Wars II 8:1 and Antiquities XVIII 1:6.
19. Josephus, Wars II 17:6, 16:2, 17:4.
20. Josephus, Wars IV 3:10, 6:1; Vita 35.
21. Josephus, Wars, Preface 2.
22. Yerushalmi Nedarim 5, end; Berakot 17a, 28b; Abot 2:8; Sukkah 28a; Tosefta Parah 4:7.
23. Gittin 56b; Abot de Rabbi Nathan, ch. 4; Rosh ha-Shanah 29b, 30a.
1. Tosefta Baba Kamma 9:30; Shabbat 151a.
2. Jebamot 63b; Tosefta Sotah 15:11–13; Baba Batra 60b.
3. Yoma 9b; Shabbat 119b, 120a; Gittin 57a.
4. Mishnah, Jebamot 1:4.
5. Baba Mezia 59a, 59b.
6. Mishnah, Abot 2:10.
7. Sanhedrin 68a, and cf. B. Z. Bokser, Pharisaic Judaism in Transition, N. Y. 1935, pp. 28–35.
8. Mishnah, Rosh Hashanah 2:7. The Talmud speaks of a third case in which the patriarch humiliated Rabbi Joshua.
9. Berakot 27b, 28a. See L. Ginzberg, A Commentary on the Palestinian Talmud, III, pp. 195f.
10. Abodah Zarah 18a.
11. Sanhedrin 74a.
12. Berakot 61b.
13. Berakot 61b.
14. Sanhedrin 14a.
15. Shir Hashirim Rabbah 2:5.
16. Ketubot 49b, 50a.
17. Kiddushin 31a; Mishnah, Gittin 5:6; Megillah 5:2; Yerushalmi, Megillah 1:4; Abodah Zarah 37a; Yerushalmi Shabbat 6:5.
18. Yerushalmi Terumot 2:3, Kiddushin 1:2, Demai 2:3, Peah 2:6, Baba Kamma 8:4; Shabbat 127a; Abodah Zarah 26b; Megillah 16a; Ketubot 111a; Genesis Rabbah 76:5.
19. Yerushalmi Nedarim 6, end.
20. Berakot 33b; Hullin 110a, 137b; Erubin 50b; Sanhedrin 5a, 64b; Yerushalmi Hagigah 1:5; Yoma 20b; Yerushalmi Rosh ha-Shanah 57a; Pesahim 50b, 113a; Yerushalmi Kiddushin 12b, end; Kiddushin 39a, 41a; Baba Mezia 59a; Baba Batra 21a, 54b; Moed Katan 24a; Genesis Rabbah 44:1
21. Shabbat 133b; Baba Mezia 85b, 108a; Baba Kamma 113b; Baba Batra 55a.
22. Baba Mezia 86a.
1. Genesis Rabbah 39:1
2. Hagigah 13a; Yerushalmi Hagigah 2:1.
3. Baba Mezia 31b; Sukkah 5a.
4. Genesis Rabbah 4:4.
5. Hullin 59b; Midrash Tehillim, Ps. 103:1.
6. Exodus Rabbah 5:14.
7. Genesis Rabbah 10:7; Yalkut on Proverbs, 16:4.
8. Genesis Rabbah 1:3, 12:1; Sifre Deut. section 307.
9. Genesis Rabbah 5:5; Nedarim 41a; Pesahim 118a.
10. Sifra on Leviticus 19:18.
11. Makkot 24a.
12. Tosefta Shebout 3, end.
13. Shabbat 31a.
14. Genesis Rabbah 9:7.
15. Sifre on Deut. 6:5.
16. Megillah 14a; Baba Batra 15b.
17. Baba Batra 14b, 15a; Leviticus Rabbah 15:2. The two verses alluded to are Isaiah 8:19, 20.
18. Sifre, Deut. section 343; Numbers Rabbah 13:10; Mekilta on Exodus 19:2; Sifre, Deut. section 40.
19. Sanhedrin 56a.
20. Baba Kamma 38a; Abodah Zarah 3a; Yalkut on Judges 4:1.
21. Abot 4:1.
22. Abot 2:6, 1:15, 2:9, 4:11, 6:1, 11.
23. Menahot 43b.
24. Genesis Rabbah 44:1.
25. Berakot 33b.
26. Midrash on Tehillim, Shohar Tob, on Ps. 23:5; Taanit 8a.
27. Berakot 5a, 5b.
28. Exodus Rabbah 1:1, on Ex. 27:20.
29. Sanhedrin 98b, 97a; Megillah 11a.
30. Sanhedrin 98a.
1. Tosefta Sanhedrin 8:4.
2. Erubin 19a; Sanhedrin 101a.
3. Sanhedrin 38a; Berakot 17a.
4. Mishnah Sanhedrin 4:5; Shabbat 127a.
5. Yalkut on Judges 4:1; Gittin 61a.
6. Tanhuma on Deuteronomy 29:9; Baba Kamma 116b; Kiddushin 20a, 22b.
7. Niddah 47a; Yerushalmi Baba Kamma 6c; Mishnah, Yadaim 4:7.
8. Nedarim 49b; Abot de Rabbi Nathan II, ch. 21; Pesahim 113a; Baba Batra 110a; Kiddushin 29a; Abot 4:4; Yerushalmi Hagigah 77b; Nedarim 24b; Yoma 35b; Yerushalmi Shabbat 35a.
9. Shebuot 31a.
10. Tosefta Sanhedrin 8:3; Sanhedrin 43a, 45a; Mishnah, Makkot 1:10; Mishnah, Sanhedrin 6:5; Sanhedrin 46b.
11. Derek Erez Zuta I: Abot de Rabbi Nathan ch. 11; Sanhedrin 91b.
12. Abodah Zarah 36a; Shabbat 88a.
13. Mishnah, Eduyot 1:5; Erubin 13b; Megillah 27a; Berakot 55a.
14. Jebamot 89b; Baba Batra 8b; Sanhedrin 17b.
15. Tanhuma, Shemot, ed. Buber, p. 43a; Tosefta Peah 4:8–13; Baba Batra 8a, 9b.
16. Antiquities XX, 9:7.
17. Jebamot 62b, 63a; Kiddushin 41a.
18. Jebamot 62b; Kiddushin 30b.
19. Gittin 90b; Mishnah, Ketubot 5:6, 7:9, 10, Ketubot 77a; Mishnah, Nedarim 11:12; Mishnah, Arakin 5:6.
20. Jebamot 63b; Kiddushin 29a ff; Tosefta Niddah 2:6; Jebamot 12b.
21. Shabbat 10b; Genesis Rabbah 1; Gittin 6b; Semahot 2:6; Yerushalmi Peah 1:1.
22. Yoma 35b; Berakot 28a; Pesahim 72b.
23. Ketubot 105a; Gittin 38b; Yerushalmi Sotah 1:4; Yerushalmi Megillah 4:1.
24. Megillah 9b; Ekah Rabba 2:17, ed. Wilna, 1897; Shabbat 93b; Genesis Rabba 9, on 1:31; Sukkah 55b; Mishnah, Nedarim 3:4; Sanhedrin 39b; Tanhuma Mishpatim 12.
25. Abot de Rabbi Nathan II ch. 21, p. 22b, ed. Shechter; Sanhedrin 91b; Taanit 11a; Mekilta on Exodus 19:2; Judaism in the First Centuries of the Christian Era, Cambridge, 1927, I, p.324.
1. Berakot 60b.
2. Shabbat 32a.
3. Sotah 48b.
4. Yalkut, Beshalah, 16.
5. Abot 4:1.
6. Abot 2:16, 4:28.
7. Yerushalmi Berakot 7d.
8. Abodah Zarah 20b.
9. Sotah 4b.
10. Erubin 13b.
11. Abot 4:20, 1:15, 4:1, 2:15, 3:10.
12. Taanit 20b.
13. Yerushalmi Nedarim 9:4.
14. Genesis Rabbah, ch. 54, section 3.
15. Abot de Rabbi Nathan, ch. 23.
16. Berakot 10a.
17. Shabbat 31a.
18. Abot 1:18.
19. Numbers Rabbah 11:7; Sanhedrin 7a, 102b.
20. Abot 1:6; Abot de Rabbi Nathan ch. 41.
21. Taanit 22a.
22. Sotah 14a; Sifre, Deut. section 49.
23. Shabbat 127a; Ketubot 50a; Nedarim 39b; Megillah 3b; Berakot 18a.
24. Sukkah 49b.
25. Baba Batra 10a.
26. Leviticus Rabbah, ch. 34, end.
27. Sanhedrin 24a, 92a; Tosefta Baba Kamma 7:8; Hullin 94a; Pesahim 113h, Abot 1:18.
28. Sukkah 46b.
29. Deuteronomy Rabbah 3:5.
30. Berakot 57b.
31. Taanit 11a, 11b.
32. Berakot 29b; Numbers Rabbah 10:8.
33. Tanhuma, Noah, 14
34. Abot 2:2; Shabbat 33b.
35. Taanit 27b; Derekh Eretz 9; Shabbat 108b.
36. Leviticus Rabbah 34:3.
37. Erubin 65a; Berakot 62b; Abot 3:14; Gittin 70a; Sanhedrin 17b; Yerushalmi Kiddushin 66d.
1. Mishnah, Berakot 1:1, 4:3, 6:1; Berakot 28b.
2. Berakot 35a.
3. Abot 1:1.
4. Mishnah, Abodah Zarah 3, 4, 5.
5. Mekilta on Exodus 16:29; Beza 36b; Mishnah Erubin ch. 4, 5; Tosefta Shabbat, ch. 16, end (ed. Zuckermandel); Shabbat 19a.
6. Abot 5:10.
7. Abot, ibid.
8. Mekilta on Exodus 18:20.
9. Baba Mezia 83a; Ketubot 61a, 97a.
10. Baba Mezia 88a.
11. Baba Batra 21a, 8b; Ketubot 49b.
12. Ketubot 65b; Yerushalmi Kiddushin 1:7.
13. Baba Batra 12b.
14. Sanhedrin 40a.
15. Mishnah, Makkot 1:10.
16. Mishnah, Shabbat 6:4.
17. Mishnah, Berakot 1:1, 2, and cf. B. Z. Bokser, Pharisaic Judaism in Transition, N. Y. 1935, pp. 97 f.
18. Baba Kamma 113a.
19. Tanhuma, Noah, section 10.
20. Ketubot 19a; Sanhedrin 74a.
21. Sanhedrin 106b.
22. Abodah Zarah 17a.
23. Berakot 34b.
24. Mishnah, Yoma 8:9.
25. Gittin 55a.
26. Mishnah, Keritot 3:10; Baba Kamma 41b; Mishnah, Sanhedrin 9:2; Ketubot 33a; Mishnah, Peah 1:1; Yerushalmi, Pesahim 4:3; Pesahim 50a, 53a, 53b, 54b, 55a; Baba Batra 93b; Sanhedrin 23a, 23b; Soferim 14:18; Yerushalmi Baba Mezia 7:1. Rabbi Eliezer also disagreed on the number of sin-offerings required. He demanded one for each act by which the Sabbath was violated. Cf. Bokser, Pharisaic Judaism, pp. 129–144.
27. Niddah 61b.
28. Tanhuma, Buber, Shemini, p. 30 and cf. also Genesis Rabbah 44:1.
29. Abodah Zarah 9a.
1. Berakot 55b, 56a; Sanhedrin 30a.
2. Yerushalmi, Terumot 8, end; Ecclesiastes Rabbah 1:38; Abot 4:1, 2; Yoma 86b; Sifre on Deut. 19:11; Abot de R. Nathan 2:2.
3. Erubin 65b; Kohelet Rabbah 1; Shabbat 32a.
4. Baba Batra 29a, 31a; Jebamot 117b; Shabbat 119a; Baba Batra 5a, 5b.
5. Ketubot 13b, 59b; Megillah 13a; Moed Katan 9b.
6. Niddah 45b; Megillah 14b; Yoma 83b; Sanhedrin 67a; Genesis Rabbah 45:5.
7. Genesis Rabbah 17:7.
8. Genesis Rabbah 18:2.
9. Abot 5:12, 5:18; Leviticus Rabbah 15:2.
10. Abodah Zarah 19a; Sotah 47a; Erubin 54a, 54b, 55a; Sifre on Numbers 19:2; Erubin 13b; Abot 4:13; Pesahim 112a; Hullin 63b; Taanit 7a.
11. Abodah Zarah 8a; Yoma 7a, 18a; Erubin 54b.
12. Psalms 10:16, Zeph. 3:16, Zech. 14:16–17, Mal. 1:14 and Numbers Rabbah 2:24; Ex. 4:22, Deut. 14:1 and Berakot 13a, Deut. Rabbah 3:12, Exodus Rabbah 19:18; Isa. 54:5, Jer. 2:2, Hosea 2:18, 21, 22 and Numbers Rabbah 2:14, 15, Deut. Rabbah 3:9, 11, 16; Jonah 1 and Mekilta, Bo, ed. Weiss 1b.
13. Abodah Zarah 54b.
14. Kohelet Rabbah on 5:14; Sanhedrin 38b. Cf. Joseph L. Jacobs, Jewish Encyclopedia, s. v. Aesop.
15. Shabbat 153a.
16. Yerushalmi Berakot 2:8.
17. Yalkut Shimoni on Proverbs section 964.
18. Abot 3:22; Shir ha-Shirim Rabbah on 3:22. Cf. A. Feldman, The Parables and Similes of the Rabbis, Cambridge 1924.
19. Baba Mezia 38a, 59a; Erubin 18a; Yerushalmi Taanit 3:6; Leviticus Rabbah, 32:2; Berakot 9a; Abot 4:1, 27; Pirke de R. Eliezer 40; Abodah Zarah 17b; Sotah 7a; Makkot 11a; Pesahim 99a.
20. Sanhedrin 39b, 52a.
21. Shir ha-Shirim Rabbah 1:1.
169:* The citation of sources does not always follow the consecutive order of the volumes, but corresponds to the order in which these sources were used.
169:** Quotations from the Palestinian Talmud are prefaced by the term Yerushalmi.
All other quotations are from the Babylonian Talmud.