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Western Philosophy |
This section contains texts by the most important writers who have defined the philosophy of modern Western society. Texts here discuss ethics, metaphysics, epistemology, and political philosophy. NOTE: most of these are large text files, which may take a while to download on a slow connection.
George Berkeley
Three Dialogues Between Hylas and Philonous [1713]A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge [1710]
Rene Descartes
Discourse on the Method of Rightly Conducting the Reason, and Seeking Truth in the SciencesMeditations on First Philosophy [1641]
Ralph Waldo Emerson
The TranscendalistEssays, First Series
Essays, Second Series
Epictetus
The EnchiridionThe Discourses [101 CE]
Epicurus
Letter to MenoeceusThomas Hobbes
Leviathan [1651]David Hume
Of Superstition and Enthusiasm [1741]Of the Delicacy of Taste and Passion [1741]
Of the Liberty of the Press [1741]
Of Essay Writing [1742]
Of the Rise and Progress of the Arts and Sciences [1742]
An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding [1748]
A Letter from a Gentleman [1754]
Essays on Suicide and the Immortality of the Soul [1755]
The Natural History of Religion [1757]
Of Tragedy [1757]
Of the Standard of Taste [1757]
My Own Life [1777]
Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion [1779]
Immanuel Kant
The Critique of Judgement [1790]The Critique of Practical Reason [1788]
The Critique of Pure Reason [1781]
Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysic of Morals [1785]
Introduction to the Metaphysic of Morals [1785]
The Metaphysical Elements of Ethics [1780]
Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics [1783]
The Science of Right [1790]
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
The Monadology [1898]John Stuart Mill
On Liberty [1859]Representative Government [1861]
Utilitarianism [1863]
The Subjection of Women
Friedrich Nietzsche
Thus Spake Zarathustra [1891]Blaise Pascal
The Provincial Letters [1657]Pensees [1660]
Plato
NOTE: These file are in the Plato section under Classics.
Cratylus [360 BCE]Charmides, or Temperance [380 BCE]
Critias [360 BCE]
Crito [360 BCE]
Euthydemus [380 BCE]
Euthyphro [380 BCE]
Gorgias [380 BCE]
Ion [380 BCE]
Laches, or Courage [380 BCE]
Laws [360 BCE]
Lysis, or Friendship [380 BCE]
Meno [380 BCE]
Parmenides [370 BCE]
Phaedo [360 BCE]
Phaedrus [360 BCE]
Philebus [360 BCE]
Protagoras [380 BCE]
The Republic [360 BCE]
The Seventh Letter [360 BCE]
Sophist [360 BCE]
Statesman [360 BCE]
Symposium [360 BCE]
Theaetetus [360 BCE]
Timaeus [360 BCE]
Spinoza
EthicsThe Theologico-Political Treatise
On the Improvement of Understanding
Henry David Thoreau
A Plea for Captain John Brown [1853]Slavery in Massachusetts [1854]
Life Without Principle [1863]
Civil Disobedience [1849]
Walden, or Life in the Woods [1854]